The process of political socialization, as shown by numerous findings, is characterised as the transmission of political action and behaviour through the generations. In connection with the political changes the Czech Republic experienced since 1945, not only the prospect of generational continuity but also discontinuity come into consideration. The article deals with the influence of parents and other socialization factors on political self-identification in the Czech population. It focuses mainly on the major age groups: young people up to the age of 29, the younger middle generation of 30-44 years, the older middle generation of 45-59 years and individuals aged 60 years or older, and their parents. The starting point of the considerations is the theory of social change and the interconnection of political socialization on the micro and macro levels. The paper analyses the circumstances of socialization and its effects on political orientation in a representative sample of Czech population (N = 522). The basis for determining the impact of socialization was set as the intensity of interest in political events together with the main resources affecting political orientation such as self-education and reading, followed by parental influence. The ratio of father’s and mother’s communist orientation plus their interest in politics accounted for the other socialization factors. Political background of the respondents was compared with their self-identification on the left-right political scale. Correlation analysis helped highlight the significance of father’s influence, rather than mother’s, in the process of political socialization. It also showed an overall negative impact of parental political discussion on the formation of left-right orientation. ANOVA analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between socio-occupational status and political inclusion. This inclusion effect was more frequent among left-wing labourers and pensioners and right-wing entrepreneurs, tradesmen, students and apprentices. Not only social background but also age signalled significant differences in opinions. The youngest generation as a whole relates to the right wing of the political spectrum. At the same time, the generation of 60+ is inclined to the left of the centre. As a matter of fact, this group, more than other age groups, is interested in political events and is deeply involved in political discussions. The young generation manifests itself in both directions. Parents’ political socialization actions towards their children induced agreement with parental political orientation only to a lesser extent. The study also dealt with two influences, sometimes mutually supportive and other times competing, namely parental socialization influence, political and economic conditions. Attitudes to social and political situation differed between age groups. The influence of society- -level circumstances is more significant than that of parental political socialization. It was possible to observe political continuity between the generations of 60+, or even their parents, and the older middle generation aged 45-59. When there is mostly continuity between them and their children then discontinuity tends to arise between them and their parents. The distribution of political orientation reveals a dynamic field. Attitudes to changes in society vary between generations as well. During the shaping of political orientation, the influence of social and political conditions is more decisive than political action, no matter how good its intentions are. This confirms the concept of political socialization as a way in which individual socialization interacts with one’ssocial position due to various social factors., Ján Mišovíč., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
The site of Eythra, a former village located on the western bank of the White Elster River, has yielded numerous remains of a settlement that existed there during the early Neolithic cultures – the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and the Stroke Ornamented Pottery culture (SBK). The site covers some 30 hectares, making it the largest excavated settlement of the LBK and SBK areas to date. Chemical analyses of the ceramic fragments from the consecutive stylistic phases that were represented in Eythra were carried out. The objective of this was to find out whether the stylistic changes in the shape and the decoration of the ceramic material correspond to technological changes in regard to such aspects as clay composition and tempering. The transitions between the earliest and the early LBK phases and between LBK and SBK were of particular interest in this respect, as also were the localised developments that took place within the two phases of the LBK and SBK. and Z lokality Eythra, bývalé osady na západním břehu řeky Bílý Halštrov, pochází mnoho pozůstatků osídlení, které zde existovalo v průběhu prvních neolitických kultur – kultur s lineární keramikou (LBK) a vypíchanou keramikou (SBK). Lokalita se rozkládá na ca 30 ha, což z ní činí dosud největší zkoumané sídliště v oblasti LBK a SBK. Byly provedeny chemické analýzy keramických střepů z jednotlivých stylistických fází, které byly v Eythra zastoupeny. Účelem těchto analýz bylo zjistit, jestli stylistické změny ve tvaru keramiky a její výzdobě odpovídají technologickým změnám, např. co do složení keramické hlíny a ostřiva. V tomto ohledu byla zvláštní pozornost věnována přechodu mezi nejstarší a časnou fází LBK a přechodu mezi LBK a SBK, stejně jako lokálním inovacím, které se uskutečnily ve zmíněných fázích LBK a následující SBK.