V populaci starších osob je běžný úbytek funkčních kapacit, postupný vznik různých nemocí až k širší multimorbiditě a nárůstu problémů v sociální oblasti, které mohou akcentovat stařeckou křehkost a neschopnost žít samostatně. Článek rozebírá komplexně problematiku geriatrické multimorbidity a klade důraz na její úskalí a rizika, potřebu interdisciplinárního přístupu a myšlení lékařů, a to včetně úskalí moderní farmakoterapie. Cílem geriatrické medicíny je optimalizace reziduálních funkcí navzdory poklesu celkových funkčních kapacit organizmu při rostoucí multimorbiditě. Autoři chtějí tímto přehledovým článkem především upozornit i odbornou veřejnost na neustále rostoucí počet seniorů v populaci a na potřebu povědomí umět správně interpretovat a chápat tuto zcela novou realitu., In the elderly population there are common permanent decrease of functional capacity, gradual emergence of various diseases leading to the wider multimorbidity and increased problems in the social sphere, which can develop frailty and social dependency. The paper analyzes the complex issue of geriatric multimorbidity and emphasizes its pitfalls, the need of an interdisciplinary approach and thinking of doctors, including the risks of modern pharmacotherapy. The aim of geriatric medicine is to optimize residual functions despite the decline in total functional capacity with increasing multimorbidity. The authors want to direct the attention of the professional community to the permanently growing numbers of the elderly and to emphasize the need of awareness of the problem so that they could understand and cope with this absolutely new reality., and Pavel Weber, Dana Prudius, Hana Meluzínová
Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfly numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult flight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe., Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, Irena Klečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii