The peaks over threshold method (POT method) is an alternative to the block-maxima method for estimating return levels (these are the levels that are exceeded by a daily precipitation, resp. by a daily average discharge, only with a given small probability; in statistical language they are called high quantiles) when the studied series are not long enough. The paper compares both methods for precipitation and discharges series of Northern Moravia. It is shown how to overcome problems in the POT method caused by autocorrelation and seasonality. and Metoda špiček nad prahem může sloužit při odhadování vysokých kvantilů (to znamená takových hodnot, že je denní úhrnná srážka, respektive denní průměrný průtok, překročí jen s malou předem danou pravděpodobností). Jedná se o alternativu k metodě blokových maxim, a to zvláště tam, kde studované řady nejsou příliš dlouhé. Článek porovnává výsledky obou metod na příkladech srážkových a průtokových dat ze severní Moravy. Ukazuje dále, jak lze v metodě POT překonat problémy spojené s autokorelací a sezónností řad.
A historical and instrumental earthquake catalogue is prepared for the Northwest Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt and Makran Subduction Zone Pakistan from 1960 to 2019 with homogenized moment magnitude. The local and some international published sources were utilized for the preparation of catalogue. This earthquake catalogue contained numbers of duplicate, repeated, dependent and independent events. Declustering process was opted to remove the dependent events such as foreshock and aftershock from catalogue to separate the mainshock only in term of distance and time space window. The declustering found 2714 clusters of earthquakes with total of 19512 (57.19 %) events out of 34112. Only cluster events which contained the mainshock or independent events were drawn on seismicity map with color identification. Maximum likelihood method was used to compute the value of magnitude of completeness i.e., Mc = 3.8 with estimation of a and b-values. Years vise magnitude of completeness was also computed to check the time period variation. The completeness of magnitude for different intervals of time indicates the impartial approximation of previous recorded seismicity. Temporal and spatial maps were also drawn to investigate the slope “b” and rate of productivity “a” in the study region. It is noted that b-values varied from 0.2 to 2.0 due to stress and intensive tectonic setting whereas a value increases due to increase the seismicity rate with respect to region. Seismotectonic map was drawn to delineate the major faults, seismicity pattern and tectonic activities. This work further can be used for single value hazard assessment for any region and their response spectra to update buildings and bridges codes.