Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was investigated in control (C) and chilling night (CN) leaves of grapevine under natural photoperiod at different sampling time in a day. The degree of photoinhibition was determined by means of the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic electron transport measurements. When the potential efficiency of photosystem (PS) 2, Fv/Fm was measured at midday, it markedly declined with significant increase of F0 in CN leaves. In isolated thylakoids, the rate of whole chain and PS2 activity were markedly decreased in CN leaves than control leaves at midday. A smaller inhibition of PS1 activity was also observed in both leaf types. Later, the leaves reached maximum PS2 efficiencies similar to those observed in the morning during sampling at evening. The artificial exogenous electron donors diphenyl carbazide, NH2OH, and Mn2+ failed to restore the PS2 activity in both leaf types at midday. Thus CN enhanced inactivation on the acceptor side of PS2 in grapevine leaves. Quantification of the PS2 reaction centre protein D1 following midday exposure of leaves showed pronounced differences between C and CN leaves. The marked loss of PS2 activity in CN leaves noticed in midday samples was mainly due to the marked loss of D1 protein of the PS2 reaction centre. and M. Bertamini ... [et al.].
Photoinhibition under irradiance of 2 000 µmol m-2 s-1 (HI) was studied in detached control (C) and water deficit (WD) leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants. The degree of photoinhibition was determined by means of the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and electron transport measurements. The potential efficiency of photosystem (PS) 2, Fv/Fm, marginally declined under HI in WD-leaves without significant increase of F0. In contrast, Fv/Fm ratio declined markedly with significant increase of F0 in C-leaves. In isolated thylakoids, the rate of whole chain and PS2 activity under HI were more decreased in C-than WD-leaves. The artificial exogenous electron donors diphenyl carbazide, NH2OH, and Mn2+ failed to restore the HI-induced loss of PS2 activity in both C-and WD-leaves. Thus HI operates at the acceptor side of PS2 in both leaf types. Quantification of the PS2 reaction centre protein D1 following HI exposure of leaves showed pronounced differences between C-and WD-leaves. The marked loss of PS2 activity under HI of C-leaves was due to the marked loss of D1 protein of the PS2 reaction centre. and M. Bertamini ... [et al.].
Changes in various components of photosynthetic apparatus during the 6-d dark incubation at 25 °C of detached control and DCMU-treated Triticum aestivum L. leaves were examined. The rate of photosystem 2 (PS2) activity was decreased with increase of the time of dark incubation in control leaves. In contrast to this, DCMU-treated leaves demonstrated high stability by slowing down the inactivation processes. Diphenyl carbazide and NH2OH restored the PS2 activity more in control leaves than in DCMU-treated leaves. Mn2+ failed to restore the PS2 activity in both control and DCMU-treated samples. Similar results were obtained when Fv/Fm was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The marked loss of PS2 activity in dark incubated control leaves was primarily due to the loss of D1, 33, and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides and 28-25 kDa LHCP2 polypeptides. and N. Nedunchezhian, K. Muthuchelian, M. Bertamini.
The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) per fresh mass were lower in shade needles than in sun needles. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) activity and contents of soluble proteins were also significantly lower in shade needles. In isolated thylakoids, a marked lower rate of whole chain and photosystem (PS) 2 activities were observed in shade needles. Smaller lower rate of PS1 activity was also observed in shade needles. The artificial exogenous electron donors, diphenyl carbazide (DPC) and NH2OH, significantly restored the loss of PS2 activity in shade needles. Similar results were obtained when Fv/Fm was evaluated by Chl fluorescence measurements. The marked lower rate of PS2 activity in shade needles was due to the lower contents of 47, 33, 28-25, 23, and 17 kDa polypeptides. This conclusion was confirmed by immunological studies showing that the content of the 33 kDa protein of the watersplitting complex was diminished significantly in shade needles. and M. Bertamini, K. Muthuchelian, N. Nedunchezhian.