HinDialect: 26 Hindi-related languages and dialects of the Indic Continuum in North India
Languages
This is a collection of folksongs for 26 languages that form a dialect continuum in North India and nearby regions.
Namely Angika, Awadhi, Baiga, Bengali, Bhadrawahi, Bhili, Bhojpuri, Braj, Bundeli, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, Gujarati, Haryanvi, Himachali, Hindi, Kanauji, Khadi Boli, Korku, Kumaoni, Magahi, Malvi, Marathi, Nimadi, Panjabi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit.
This data is originally collected by the Kavita Kosh Project at http://www.kavitakosh.org/ . Here are the main characteristics of the languages in this collection:
- They are all Indic languages except for Korku.
- The majority of them are closely related to the standard Hindi dialect genealogically (such as Hariyanvi and Bhojpuri), although the collection also contains languages such as Bengali and Gujarati which are more distant relatives.
- They are all primarily spoken in (North) India (Bengali is also spoken in Bangladesh)
- All except Sanksrit are alive languages
Data
Categorising them by pre-existing available NLP resources, we have:
* Band 1 languages : Hindi, Panjabi, Gujarati, Bengali, Nepali. These languages already have other large standard datasets available. Kavita Kosh may have very little data for these languages.
* Band 2 languages: Bhojpuri, Magahi, Awadhi, Braj. These languages have growing interest and some datasets of a relatively small size as compared to Band 1 language resources.
* Band 3 languages: All other languages in the collection are previously zero-resource languages. These are the languages for which this dataset is the most relevant.
Script
This dataset is entirely in Devanagari. Content in the case of languages not written in Devanagari (such as Bengali and Gujarati) has been transliterated by the Kavita Kosh Project.
Format
The dataset contains a single text file containing folksongs per language. Folksongs are separated from each other by an empty line. The first line of a new piece is the title of the folksong, and line separation within folksongs is preserved.
HinDialect: 26 Hindi-related languages and dialects of the Indic Continuum in North India
Languages
This is a collection of folksongs for 26 languages that form a dialect continuum in North India and nearby regions.
Namely Angika, Awadhi, Baiga, Bengali, Bhadrawahi, Bhili, Bhojpuri, Braj, Bundeli, Chhattisgarhi, Garhwali, Gujarati, Haryanvi, Himachali, Hindi, Kanauji, Khadi Boli, Korku, Kumaoni, Magahi, Malvi, Marathi, Nimadi, Panjabi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit.
This data is originally collected by the Kavita Kosh Project at http://www.kavitakosh.org/ . Here are the main characteristics of the languages in this collection:
- They are all Indic languages except for Korku.
- The majority of them are closely related to the standard Hindi dialect genealogically (such as Hariyanvi and Bhojpuri), although the collection also contains languages such as Bengali and Gujarati which are more distant relatives.
- All except Nepali are primarily spoken in (North) India
- All except Sanksrit are alive languages
Data
Categorising them by pre-existing available NLP resources, we have:
* Band 1 languages : Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Bengali, Nepali. These languages already have other large datasets available. Since Kavita Kosh focusses largely on Hindi-related languages, we may have very little data for these other languages in this particular dataset.
* Band 2 languages: Bhojpuri, Magahi, Awadhi, Brajbhasha. These languages have growing interest and some datasets of a relatively small size as compared to Band 1 language resources.
* Band 3 languages: All other languages in the collection are previously zero-resource languages. These are the languages for which this dataset is the most relevant.
Script
This dataset is entirely in Devanagari. Content in the case of languages not written in Devanagari (such as Bengali and Gujarati) has been transliterated by the Kavita Kosh Project.
Format
The data is segregated by language, and contains each folksong in a different JSON file.
The article deals with the use of the pluperfect as a narrative device in six short stories writen by the Hindi-author Kamlesvar and published in 1964. The article distinguishes two ways of using the "absolute" pluperfect, that is, the pluperfect found in a context other than retroversions. The first type is the pluperfect that signalizes Free Indirect Discourse. In the second type, the pluperfect expresses a feeling of helplessness, as experienced by a character or narrator. The use of the pluperfect in FID is a result of the tense shift that characterizes this semi-direct style. Its occurerence in the second type, on the other hand, comes close to the central meaning of the Hindi pluperfect of indicating and action that (according to Montaut´s explanation) does not go on to and is separated by a time interval from, the present. Here, however, that meaning should be taken metaphorically.