The article presents in four parts (Problem, Presentation, Polemic, Lesson) ethnolinguistic consequences of the „gaps“ discovered by US linguist Daniel L. Everett in a little-known Amazonian Language Pirahã. The gaps, and in particular the absence of recursion, unique to human language and thus an inherent component of universal grammar, gave rise to a series of polemics without any convincing or decisive result. Anyways, Everett’s claim that language can be culturally constrained remains a chalenge to continuing research in the field of linguistic anthropology, especially with regard to the relation between syntax, its emergence, and language evolution.