The article contains a translation of two oral Mongolian legends of Khoshuuts from Karashahr in Xinjiang recorded in the Clear Script (todo bičig): A legend about the defeat of Jang-jalab Khan and the origin of the Russian people and How Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Taranatha, Songtsän Gampo and Sakya Pandita became friends. These legends show the Mongolian reception of history and human being in the flow of time. The popular religion has been transforming the Buddhist history as to express the basic Buddhist concept of actions and their results. The introductory part describes the history of Oirat Clear script., Ondřej Srba., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Syria changed from a seemingly stable and slowly modernising country to the site of a regional conflict in a matter of months. The factors of escalation are to be sought in three interrelated aspects: in the power structures of the Asad regime, that choose to deal with the reverberations of the Arab Spring through intensified security alone; in the transformation of social protest into a sectarian conflict; in the unconditional support that all sides receive from abroad. As a result, Syria ceased to be what it was three years ago: a country, a state, and a society., Zora Hesová., and Obsahuje bibliografii