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112. Svätý za katrem: cesta buržoazního nacionalisty tam a zase zpátky. K možnostem a limitům kontextuální biografie jako historiografického žánru
- Creator:
- Ducháček, Milan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- biografistika, poststalinismus, marxistická literární věda, Československo, biography, post-Stalinism, Marxist literary studies, and Czechoslovakia
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Through an analysis of Zdeněk Doskočil’s monograph on a key period in Ladislav Novomeský’s life and work, this essay attempts to examine the possibilities and limits of biography as a historiographical genre. The author relies on attempts to reformulate biography as a distinct but traditionally convention-bound genre of “writing about the past” so as to bring it closer to what is known as contextual biography (Hans Renders, Binne de Haan). The text places Doskočil’s book among a number of other monographs published in recent years on luminaries of the Czech and Slovak Marxist intellectual elite (e.g. Zdeněk Nejedlý and Gustáv Husák). It focuses on the dilemmas faced by the author, who attempts to follow a different emplotment than the traditional, chronological and rather holistic one.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
113. Syntetická práce o sociálních dějinách v posledním čtvrtstoletí Československa
- Creator:
- Václav Průcha
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociální dějiny, společnost, Československo, social history, society, Czechoslovakia, 8, and 93/94
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Recenzent připomíná plodnou vědeckou dráhu Lenky Kalinové od studia sociální struktury Československa v šedesátých letech minulého století až k současným syntetickým pracím o sociálních dějinách poválečného Československa. Její nejnovější knihu hodnotí jako velmi dobře zvládnutou syntézu, jež dosud chyběla, založenou na důkladném interdisciplinárním výzkumu a neobyčejné erudici a přinášející velké množství zčásti nových poznatků. Nakonec si recenzent klade otázky, do jaké míry lze chápat sociální politiku v socialistickém Československu jako ústupek vedení země obyvatelstvu a nakolik je současné hyperkritické hodnocení hospodářství v období takzvané normalizace dobově podmíněné. and [autor recenze] Václav Průcha.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
114. Ten propositions about Munich 1938: on the fateful event of Czech and European history - without legends and national stereotypes
- Creator:
- Smetana, Vít and Mareš, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia, and history
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This essay examines, in ten clearly formulated propositions, the causes and the long-term impact of the Munich Agreement of September 1938. This complex theme is approached through not purely national lenses. The term ''betrayal'' as a dominant label of the actions of the two West European democratic powers is thus questioned. The author claims that the British and French unwillingness to go to war because of Czechoslovakia’s border regions is, in the light of previous historical developments, understandable and, in a way, even rational. He also points out certain defi ciencies in the Czechoslovak treatment of its German minority. At the same time, Czechoslovakia’s political leaders were playing a strange game with their people in September 1938, alternately stirring up and moderating their patriotic feelings - depending on where the behind-the-scenes negotiations on Czechoslovak border regions were heading at a given moment. Also the alleged Soviet preparedness to come to Czechoslovakia’s assistance in September 1938 is more than questionable; Stalin intended to intervene only in a European war, not to help lonesome Czechoslovakia. Nonetheless, Munich has had, and unfortunately continues to have, a fundamental infl uence on the Czech ''mental map'' of Europe. The lesson according to which the West should not be trusted and it would therefore be advisable to look for protection and alliance in the East still lives on in minds of a number of Czech politicians and of a not negligible segment of the public. On the other hand, the ''lessons of Munich,'' according to which it is not advisable to make concessions to any aggression or blackmailing, became a part of policies of Western statesmen confronting expansionist dictatorships, and the other life of Munich thus continued to complicate the use of ''negotiations'' as a method of dealing with international crises by Western politicians in the Cold War and beyond. and Přeložil Jiří Mareš
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
115. Testimonies of Roma and Sinti
- Creator:
- Čapková, Kateřina, Berkyová, Renata, Patočková, Radka, Zdařilová, Eva, and Jandák, Marek
- Publisher:
- Institute for Contemporary History, Czech Academy of Sciences
- Type:
- TEXT and OBRAZ
- Subject:
- Roma, Sinti, testimonies, Holocaust, database, Second World War, Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia, and genocide
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The key idea of our project is to convey to the widest possible readership detailed abstracts of the testimonies of Roma and Sinti and thus their personal and irreplaceable experience of the Second World War. We hope that the Testimonies of Roma and Sinti project will contribute to greater awareness of their genocide and will be an irreplaceable source of information for researchers, relatives of the victims, or anyone else interested in this important topic. First of all, we defined the project geographically: we focused on the testimonies of Roma and Sinti from the Bohemian lands (today's Czech Republic) and Slovakia. The second definition is that we are only processing printed testimonies into the database. A valuable, and extremely demanding, part of the database is the detailed abstracts of these testimonies prepared by Romani studies experts in cooperation with historians and linguistic stylists. These abstracts are important not only for Czech and Slovak readers, as many publications with testimonies are not easily accessible, but especially for users from abroad - whether researchers, members of Romani communities or any other interested parties - as the vast majority of the hundreds of published testimonies exist only in Czech, Slovak or Romani, and are thus inaccessible to most people from abroad. Within the database, the testimonies are analyzed according to several criteria, which allow detailed searches and their classification, for example, according to the type of war experience (internment, participation in armed struggle, hiding, etc.). In the analysis, we then focused mainly on geographical data. Therefore, projections of collected data on maps are an integral part of the database, which allow us to show the war trajectory of individuals and groups, to show, for example, the locations of mass murders or guerrilla fighting, or to search for testimonies related to a place.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, and PUB
116. The colourfulness of prefab grey: Skřivánková, Lucie - Švácha, Rostislav - Novotná, Eva - Jirkalová, Karolina (ed.): Paneláci 1: Padesát sídlišť v českých zemích. Kritický katalog k cyklu výstav Příběh paneláku [The Paneláks 1: Fifty housing estates in the Czech Lands. Critical catalogue of a series of exhibitions “A story of a panelák”]; Skřivánková, Lucie - Švácha, Rostislav - Koukalová, Martina - Novotná, Eva (ed.): Paneláci 2: Historie sídlišť v českých zemích 1945-1989. Kritický katalog k výstavě Bydliště – panelové sídliště: Plány, realizace, bydlení 1945-1989 [The Paneláks 2: The history of housing estates in the Czech Lands 1945-1989. Critical catalogue of the exhibition “Residence - housing estate: Plans, realization, housing 1945-1989]
- Creator:
- Roubal, Petr and Mareš, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czechoslovakia, prefab houses, prefab housing schemes, architecture, housing, and Communist regime
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Both collective publications (Prefab houses 1: Fifty prefab housing schemes in the Czech Lands. A critical catalogue of the “Prefab house story” series of exhibitions and Prefab houses 2: History of housing schemes in the Czech Lands 1945–1989. A critical catalogue of the “Residence – prefab housing scheme: Planning, realization, housing 1945–1989” exhibition) are products of a broadly conceived interdisciplinary research project the deliverables of which included, inter alia, exhibitions in Prague and all regional capitals of the Czech Republic and which were awarded the prestigious Magnesia Litera prize in 2018 as an extraordinary feat in the fi eld of professional and educational literature. In the reviewer’s opinion, they bring the fi rstever systematic attempt to periodize the prefab-based building projects in the Czech part of the former Czechoslovakia between the mid-1940s and the end of the 1980s, at the same time providing a multifaceted characterization based on a representative sample of fifty prefab housing schemes in Bohemia and Moravia. and Each of them was subjected to a thorough artistic-historical analysis outlining the development of the housing scheme’s concept, providing brief information about its authors, describes its urbanistic concept, prefab technology used, and artefacts and decorations. Added to the above is a set of interdepartmental studies analyzing different aspects of the historical development of prefab housing schemes. The compact collective of authoresses and authors has succeeded in presenting the prefab housing schemes, no matter how similar they may seem, as a varied and dynamically developing phenomenon, which fact is underlined by excellent work with archival photographs and the generally outstanding graphic layout of the publications. The only critical comment the reviewer has is that the authors were so absorbed by the architectural aspect of the matter that they tended to overlook substantial changes of the socialist urbanism in Czechoslovakia.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
117. The gray zone as an oppositional communication channel. Czech experts, dissent and the environmental agenda
- Creator:
- Burget, Eduard, Loučová, Petra, Olšáková, Doubravka, and Kobylak, Skyland Vaclav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gray zone, dissent, Charter 77, ecology, Czechoslovakia, and normalization
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- With respect to the history of sciences under communism, we understand the gray zone to mean academic practices originating from the negotiated autonomy of academia and the need to respect scientific values such as objectivity and a critical approach to reality. Our research explores the links between academic communities that were not directly involved in dissident activities but actively supported dissent initiatives (very often for a limited period of time) and were linked to transnational scientific networks or social movements. Specifically, we analyze the involvement of socially engaged scientists employed by the official research institutions in dissident activities related to the environmental sciences.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
118. The Ukrainian factor of the Prague Spring?: Petro Shelest and the Czechoslovak year 1968 in the light of documents of the Ukrainian security service
- Creator:
- Veselý, Luboš and Mareš, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Prague Spring 1968, Petro Shelest, Soviet intervention, and KGB
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Petro Shelest (1908–1997), the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was one of the strongest advocates of an armed invasion of Czechoslovakia among Soviet leaders in 1968. The Soviet leadership tasked him to maintain contacts with the so-called healthy forces in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia; in the beginning of August, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Vasil Biľak (1917–2014) secretly handed over to him the notorious “letter of invitation” in public lavatories in Bratislava. The author asks a fundamental question whether it is possible to identify a specific Ukrainian factor which stepped into the Prague Spring process and contributed to its tragic end. He attempts to capture Shelest’s position in the decision-making process and describe information that Shelest was working with., To this end, he has made use of reports of the Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti – KGB) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on developments in Czechoslovakia and reactions thereto among Ukrainian citizens produced in the spring and summer of 1968, which were being sent to Shelest and other Ukrainian leaders. These documents have lately been made available in Ukrainian archives and partly published on the website of the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes. Their analysis brings the author to a conclusion that they were offering a considerably distorted picture of the situation. Instead of relevant information and analyses, they only present various clichés, ideological rhetoric, inaccuracies, or downright nonsenses. Their source were often members of the Czechoslovak State Security who were often motivated by worries about their own careers and existence and were acting on their own., and The uncritical acceptance of the documents contributed to a situation in which in the leader of the Ukrainian Communists and other Soviet representatives were creating unrealistic pictures of the events taking place in Czechoslovakia, believing that anti-socialist forces were winning, anti-Soviet propaganda was prevailing, and Western intelligence agencies were strengthening their position in Czechoslovakia, and that there was a threat that the events that had taken place in Hungary in 1956 would repeat themselves again. As indicated by his published diary entries and other documents, Petro Shelest was using these allegations both in discussions inside his own party and during negotiations with Czechoslovak politicians. Just like in the case of the leaders of Polish and East German Communists, Władysław Gomułka and Walter Ulbricht, respectively, the principal reason why Shelest was promoting a solution of the Czechoslovak crisis by force was, in the author’s opinion, his fear of “contagion” of his own society by events taking place in Czechoslovakia which the Ukraine shared a border with.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
119. Ukrayinsʹka himnaziya v Chekhoslovachchyni - Orhanizatsiyna struktura ta osvitniy protses
- Creator:
- Humeniuk, Olena, Salata, Oksana, and Telvak, Vitalii
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ukrainians, Czechoslovakia, emigration, secondary education, cultural and educational activities, and Gymnasium in Prague
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of the work is to analyze the peculiarities of Ukrainian secondary education abroad in the 1920s and 1930s on the example of the Ukrainian secondary school („Ukrainian Gymnasium“) in Czechoslovakia. The analysis of features of the organization, methodological bases of educational work of the Gymnasium in Prague as a part of the general cultural and educational activity of the Ukrainian interwar emigration is carried out.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
120. Válečná očekávání a poválečná zklamání: rozpaky nad knihou o formování poválečného Československa
- Creator:
- Aleš Binar
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 1939-1945, válka a mír, poválečná obnova, Československo, war and peace, post-war renewal, Czechoslovakia, 8, and 93/94
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Tento pokus konfrontovat představy o poválečném uspořádání československých poměrů v různých oblastech s pozdější realitou hodnotí recenzent jako nepříliš zdařilý. Uznává zejména faktografický přínos některých kapitol, celkově však podle jeho soudu práce trpí selektivním zpracováním problematiky, fragmentárním využitím pramenů, žánrovou konfuzí mezi odborným pojednáním a esejistikou, sklonem k vágnímu podání a neurovnanou stylistikou., The work under review, whose title translates as ‘The Struggle for a New Czechoslovakia, 1939–46: Wartime Plans and Post-war Reality’, seeks to compare the plans for the post-war organization of Czechoslovakia in various areas with the way things actually turned out after the liberation. The reviewer, however, sees this attempt as not particularly successful. Though he finds that some of the chapters do contribute new facts, on the whole he feels that the work suffers from an overly selective treatment, fragmentary use of the sources, indecision about whether to be a scholarly work or an essay, a tendency to vagueness, and an uneven style., and [autor recenze] Aleš Binar.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public