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62. Fine fluorescent powder marking study of dispersal in the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
- Creator:
- Petr Doležal, Okrouhlík, Jan, and Davídková, Markéta
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, kůrovcovití, lýkožrout smrkový, Scolytidae, Ips typographus, Coleoptera, bark beetle, dispersal, fluorescent powder, chráněná území, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A novel method was used to study dispersal in the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), under epidemic conditions (rapidly increasing population density) in the Šumava National Park. Infested spruce logs were coated with a fine fluorescent powder and the passively marked emerging beetles were captured in pheromone baited traps located at various distances from these logs. The number of marked beetles captured decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the release point. The sex ratio of the bark beetles was more female biased the further they were recaptured from the logs, being 57% and 60% at distances of up to 50 and 100 m, respectively. The maximum distance flown by a marked beetle recorded in this experiment was 1094 m. A model fitted to the data on dispersal indicates that 10% of the spruce bark beetles dispersed over distances of 55 m and 4 m in spring (overwintered parental generation) and summer (first filial generation), respectively. Differences between spring and summer swarming are briefly discussed., Petr Doležal, Jan Okrouhlík, Markéta Davídková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
63. First DNA analysis of pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) reveals multiple paraphyly of Afrotropical Philharmostes
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae, Ceratocanthini, DNA barcode, ITS2, 28S, phylogeny, forest litter, taxonomy, Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n., Afrotropical Region, and Eastern Arc Mountains
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper is the first attempt to resolve relationships among the Ceratocanthinae: Ceratocanthini pill scarab beetles using DNA sequences. It is focused on the Philharmostes group of seven Afrotropical genera: Baloghianestes (3 spp.), Callophilharmostes (1 sp.), Carinophilharmostes (1 sp.), Chaetophilharmostes (1 sp.), Cryptophilharmostes (3 spp.), Petrovitzostes (1 sp.) and Philharmostes (31 spp.). A phylogenetic analysis of 46 terminals and alignment of 2,913 bp from one mitochondrial and two nuclear fragments corroborates monophyly of this group, but rejects that of Philharmostes, the largest genus. The latter is paraphyletic with respect to at least four other smaller genera and consists of at least three distantly related clades. One of them, formed by Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n. from the Tanzanian Nguru (the type locality) and Kaguru Mountains, is sister to the rest of the entire Philharmostes group. The nominal genus Philharmostes is, therefore, a waste-basket taxon for accommodating members of this group that lack the distinct characters of the smaller genera. Pending further research, the phylogenetically inadequate generic taxonomy of the Philharmostes group is not modified. Molecular clock analysis estimates separation of the mitochondrial lineages of two known populations of the new species at about 2.2 Ma, which corresponds with recurring shrinkage and expansion of African rainforest caused by climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene. Adults of all nominal ingroup genera are illustrated along with male and female body parts of the new species. Diagnostic and/or synapomorphic morphological characters of the Philharmostes group of genera are revised. Habitus images and other supplementary information on all sequenced specimens are available online at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS001 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS004.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
64. First North American record of an unnamed West Palaearctic Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infesting European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in New York City, USA
- Creator:
- Digirolomo, Marc F. , Jendek, Eduard , Grebennikov, Vasily V. , and Nakládal, Oto
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilus, North America, New York City, invasive alien species, and Fagus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper reports a non-native Agrilus wood-boring jewel beetle reared from a stressed and non-native European beech (Fagus sylvatica) tree growing in New York City, USA. Results of two analyses using 759 DNA barcodes of Agrilus corroborate the morphology-based interpretation that this is the first North American record of an unnamed species from the A. roscidus species-group native to the Western Palaearctic. Taxonomy of the entire species-group requires revision, therefore we postpone formal description of the new species and refer to it as Agrilus sp. 9895. This is the 12th non-native Agrilus established in North America. Prior to our study, members of the A. roscidus species-group were not known to develop in Fagus, therefore we hypothesise whether our record is a host plant shift linked to the human-mediated transatlantic dispersal, or a case of an elusive beetle escaping detection in Fagus in its unknown native range. All 759 herein analysed DNA barcodes of Agrilus (including, when present, specimen images and georeferences) are available online at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS010.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
65. First record of the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Caucasus
- Creator:
- Belyakova, Natalia A. and Reznik, Sergey Ya.
- Type:
- article, poznámky, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, entomology, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, invasions, Caucasus, Russia, photoperiod, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This is the first record of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) occurring in the Caucasus (Sochi region of Krasnodar territory, Russia). All the adults collected in the field there and reared from collected eggs, larvae and pupae, and their progeny were H. axyridis f. succinea, which is the most common morph in natural populations in South-Eastern Asia and the Russian Far East as well as in invasive populations in the Americas and Europe. In contrast in Western Siberia f. axyridis predominates and this indicates that an occasional introduction from the closest native range in Siberia cannot be considered as the source of the Caucasian population. It is known that populations of H. axyridis can also differ in their photoperiodic responses. The results of earlier experiments on H. axyridis, which originated from the Russian Far East, indicate that the threshold day lengths for the acceleration of preimaginal development and deceleration of reproductive maturation were 13–14 h, while for the invasive populations of this species in Europe these two thresholds are approximately 12 h. In the population studied, the thresholds for both of these photoperiodic responses were also approximately 12 h. Thus, it is concluded that the population of H. axyridis studied is a further eastward continuation of the invasion of this species in Europe., Natalia A. Balyakova, Sergey Ya. Reznik., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
66. Flora surrounding rice fields as a source of alternative prey for coccinellids feeding on the pests of rice
- Creator:
- Chitra Shanker, Chintagunta, Lydia, Muthusamy, Sampathkumar, Vailla, Sunil, Srinivasan, Amudhan, and Katti, Gururaj
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- brouci, slunéčkovití, konzervační biologie, mšice, rýže, beetles, Coccinellidae, conservation biology, aphids, rice, Coleoptera, biological control, generalist predators, gut-content analysis, prey spectrum, planthoppers, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Coccinellids are effective predators and a key component of the predator guild in rice ecosystems. In order to enhance their efficacy, a study was undertaken to assess the seasonal movement of coccinellids into rice fields and the role of the surrounding flora on their colonization. The seasonal abundance of coccinellids and their prey was recorded on the rice crop and the surrounding flora at fortnightly intervals from 2012 to 2015. Coccinellid prey range was assessed using PAGE electrophoresis. The herbivorous insects associated with weeds were Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora (Koch), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Sitobion sp., Thaia oryzivora Ghauri and Zygina maculifrons Matsumura. Of the species of coccinellids recorded in rice fields, Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius), Micraspis discolor (F.), Propylea dissecta (Mulsant), Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius), Scymnus nubilus Mulsant and Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) were also recorded on weeds. The esterase profiles indicated that the leafhoppers and aphids on the weeds were the prey of the coccinellids before they colonized the rice fields. The coccinellids recorded on the weeds showed bands corresponding to the insects present on the weeds. Beetles collected from rice fields had different bands, some of which corresponded to the green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Distant, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stal and white backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera Hovarth infesting rice. In addition, some bands corresponded to hoppers and aphids that were present on the surrounding flora. The results indicate the importance of surrounding flora in the conservation and colonization of rice fields by coccinellids., Chitra Shanker, Lydia Chintagunta, Sampathkumar Muthusamy, Sunil Vailla, Amudhan Srinivasan, Gururaj Katti., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67. Fungi associated with Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ukraine with a special emphasis on pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid species
- Creator:
- Davydenko, Kateryna, Vasaitis, Rimvydas, and Menkis, Audrius
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, borovice lesní, Scots pine, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, pine engraver beetle, Ips acuminatus, pathogens, Ophiostoma, Diplodia pinea, insect-fungus interaction, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Conifer bark beetles are well known to be associated with fungal complexes, which consist of pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi as well as obligate saprotroph species. However, there is little information on fungi associated with Ips acuminatus in central and eastern Europe. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the fungal communities associated with the pine engraver beetle, I. acuminatus, in the forest-steppe zone in Ukraine and to evaluate the pathogenicity of six associated ophiostomatoid species by inoculating three-year-old Scots pine seedlings with these fungi. In total, 384 adult beetles were collected from under the bark of declining and dead Scots pine trees at two different sites. Fungal culturing from 192 beetles resulted in 447 cultures and direct sequencing of ITS rRNA from 192 beetles in 496 high-quality sequences. Identification of the above revealed that the overall fungal community was composed of 60 species. Among these, the most common were Entomocorticium sp. (24.5%), Diplodia pinea (24.0%), Ophiostoma ips (16.7%), Sydowia polyspora (15.1%), Graphilbum cf rectangulosporium (15.1%), Ophiostoma minus (13.8%) and Cladosporium pini-ponderosae (13.0%). Pathogenicity tests were done using six species of ophiostomatoid fungi, which were inoculated into Scots pine seedlings. All ophiostomatoid fungi tested successfully infected seedlings of Scots pine with varying degrees of virulence. Ophiostoma minus was the only fungus that caused dieback in inoculated seedlings. It is concluded that I. acuminatus vectors a species-rich fungal community including pathogens such as D. pinea and O. minus. The fungal community reported in the present study is different from that reported in other regions of Europe. Pathogenicity tests showed that O. minus was the most virulent causing dieback in seedlings of Scots pine, while other fungi tested appeared to be only slightly pathogenic or completely non-pathogenic., Kateryna Davydenko, Rimvydas Vasaitis, Audrius Menkis., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68. Galaicodytes caurelensis gen. n., sp. n., the first troglobitic species of Platynini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae) from the western Palaearctic region
- Creator:
- Ortuño, Vicente M. and Salgado, José M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichinae, Platynini, new genus, new species, western Palaearctic region, Spain, and cave
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study describes Galaicodytes (gen. n.) caurelensis (sp. n.) which was captured in a limestone cave in the lower Cambric of NW Spain. It is the first known cave-dwelling Platynini in the western Palaearctic region and shows unique morphological adaptations to cave life. The taxonomic position is based on comprehensive character analysis, including external anatomical, male genitalic, and female genitalic and reproductive tract characters. Certain problems concerning its taxonomic position in relation to other genera are discussed and different ecologic and biogeographic aspects are analysed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
69. Generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Metriorrhynchinae (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
- Creator:
- Bocak, Ladislav
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Metriorrhynchinae, generic revision, phylogeny, taxonomy, key, and World
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The subfamily Metriorrhynchinae is the most species-rich clade of Lycidae (Coleoptera). A recent proposal suggests that the Erotinae is a sister group of the Metriorrhynchinae. Within the Metriorrhynchinae, evidence is presented for the monophyly of the Conderini and Metriorrhynchini and their sister group position. The Trichalina, Hemiconderina and Metriorrhynchina form the tribe Metriorrhynchini. The relationships between the basal lineages of this group are poorly understood. Several clades are distinguished within the Metriorrhynchina, but there is only weak evidence supporting a relationships between them. The distribution of individual clades is discussed. Carathrix Kleine, 1926 (= Pseudodontocerus Pic, 1921), Dilolycus Kleine, 1926 (= Metriorrhynchus Gemminger et Harold, 1869), Flabelloporrostoma Pic, 1923 (= Metriorrhynchus Gemminger et Harold, 1869), Rossioptera Kasantsev, 1988 (= Xylobanellus Kleine, 1930), Samanga Pic, 1921 (= Broxylus C.O. Waterhouse, 1879), Strophicus C. O. Waterhouse, 1879 (= Enylus C.O. Waterhouse, 1879), and Tapromenoeus Bocak et Bocakova, 1989 (= Prometanoeus Kleine, 1925) are proposed as junior synonyms. Pseudosynchonnus Pic, 1922 is transferred to the Erotinae (Taphini) and Pseudosynchonnus Pic, 1922, Protaphes Kleine, 1926, and Parapyropterus Kleine, 1926 are proposed to be junior subjective synonyms of Lycoprogenthes Pic, 1915. Redescriptions of Metriorrhynchinae genera and a key to genera are provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
70. Good-bye Scydmaenidae, or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo (Coleoptera)
- Creator:
- Grebennikov , Vasily V. and Newton, Alfred F.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Staphylinidae sensu latissimo, Staphylinine Group, Scydmaenidae, taxonomy, phylogeny, classification, morphology, larvae, 18S rDNA, parsimony, Bayesian, and neighbour joining
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ant-like stone beetles (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) include more than 4,850 described species in about 90 genera maintained as a separate cosmopolitan family since 1815. Recent authors have hypothesised that Scydmaenidae might be rooted deep inside rove-beetles (Staphylinidae). To test this hypothesis we analysed 206 parsimoniously informative larval and adult morphological characters scored for 38 taxa. Strict consensus topologies from the shortest trees in all 12 analyses consistently placed Scydmaenidae as sister to (Steninae + Euaesthetinae) in a monophyletic Staphylinine Group (with or without Oxyporinae). The single fully resolved and most consistently supported topology maintains a monophyletic Staphylinine Group consisting of Oxyporinae + (Megalopsidiinae + (("Scydmaenidae" + (Steninae + Euaesthetinae)) + (Leptotyphlinae + (Pseudopsinae + (Paederinae + Staphylininae))))); Solierius lacks larval data and is ambiguously placed within the Group. Eight analyses of variably aligned 18S rDNA data for 93 members of Staphylinoidea under parsimony, neighbour-joining and Bayesian approaches were markedly inconsistent, although partly congruent with the Scydmaenidae + (Steninae + Euaesthetinae) hypothesis. Our results strongly suggest that ant-like stone beetles do not form an independent family, but are morphologically modified members of Staphylinidae and, consequently, should be treated as a 32nd recent subfamily within the megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo. Formal taxonomic acts are: Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815, status novus (= Scydmaenidae Leach, 1815); Scydmaenitae Leach, 1815, status novus (= Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815); Mastigitae Fleming, 1821, status novus (= Mastiginae Fleming, 1821); Hapsomelitae Poinar & Brown, 2004, status novus (= Hapsomelinae Poinar & Brown, 2004). The family Staphylinidae sensu latissimo becomes the largest in Coleoptera and in the whole of the Animal Kingdom, with 55,440 described species (extant plus extinct), thus surpassing Curculionidae with an estimated 51,000 described species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public