This interdisciplinary study presents a philosophical-critical reflection on the concepts of the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene from the perspective of the humanities and social sciences. In the study, I will argue from a post-Marxist perspective that the Anthropocene is a reductionist concept, because it does not reflect capitalist processes (industrialization, commercialization, commodification, etc.) or systemic imperatives (growth, competitiveness, flexibility, and profit maximization – all elevated to axiomatic bases of economic and social policy) or patriarchy, colonialism, and racial formations. The aim of the study is to outline the parameters of a post-Marxist critical reinterpretation of the concept of the Anthropocene in relation to the concept of the Capitalocene, taking into account the functioning of global (late) capitalism, with its basic systemic imperatives that produce structural social and environmental “defects”, “excesses”, and various „injustices“; also accounting for gender and race, gender roles, post-colonial and (post-)feminist studies; and considering, finally, the need to create a normative-ontological framework for global environmental and social justice.