In this work, the set of procedures to prepare the GPS vector solutions time series (VSTSGPS) to spectrum analyses is presented. This preparation is shared on two stages. In the first stage, the breaks filling was processed. This stage was achieved in two steps. Firstly, the breaks filling was computed on the base of time series of other vectors. Secondly, the breaks filling was computed using the interpolation or extrapolation methods. The next stage of VSTSGPS preparing implicated the time series smoothing to remove the impulse noises. After breaks filling and smoothing the VSTSGPS were tested for admission to further analyses., Daniel Jasiurkowski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Among the programmes aimed at developing a standard model for properties and state of the Earth’s crystalline crust, those dealing with drilling the Kola (SG-3), Ural (SG-4) and German (KTB) superdeep boreholes yielded the most interesting results. No marked depth dependence of rock volume density and seismic wave velocities was observed in the sections of SG-3 and SG-4. A new result of the investigations is the discovery of strongly anisotropic rocks in the SG-3, SG-4 and KTB sections. In the massifs of the Kola and German superdeep boreholes such rocks constitute the majority of the drilled sections. The presence of the velocity anisotropy as well as the complex structure of the rocks composing crystalline metamorphosed sequences greatly hamper the interpretation of the results obtained from the seismic survey conducted at the surface., Felix F. Gobratsevich., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Adsorption procedure of two cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDHDACl) onto two samples of montmorillonite was studied. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction proved intercalation of both quaternary cations into the interlayer space of montmorillonite. An aspect of time showed not to be important for the cations adsorption., Zuzana Navrátilová, Petr Wojtowicz, Lenka Vaculíková and Věra Šugárková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
A combined sorbent was prepared by impregnation of lignite mined in the South Moravian Coalfield, Czech Republic, with chitosan. Sorption performance of the combined sorbent and the untreated lignite was tested for Co(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) in equilibrium sorption experiments with respect to pH and metal concentration. The amount of metal retained by the sorbent was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in the short time irradiation mode with epithermal neutrons. For pH~5, sorption isotherms were determined and fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results have been compared with those obtained previously for similar combined sorbent based on naturally oxidized coal mined in the Sokolov Basin, Czech Republic. It has been shown that the effect of chitosan on sorption efficiency of the chitosan-doped coal sorbents strongly depends on solution pH, and type of coal and metal., Martina Havelcová, Jiří Mizera, Vladimír Machovič, Lenka Borecká, Oldřich Přibyl and Ivana Krausová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Mine roadways developed in highly stressed strata are subject to roof shear, which under severe conditions may manifest as the well known symptom of guttering, particularly at the roadway edge leading into the major horizontal stress. This roof shear can progressively reduce the effectiveness of bolt confinement of the strata within the lower roof horizon affecting stability of the immediate roof. This paper presents the results of a study to investigate the effectiveness of polymers as skin reinforcement in highly stressed coal mine roadways, as they may provide better roadway skin support than the currently used steel mesh. A large concrete block intercepted with artificial joints and reinforced with steel bolts without skin support, was loaded until significant slip occurred along the joints. Upon loading, a roof cavity resembling a gutter developed, as some of the jointed concrete parted from the free surface. In addition to bolts, subsequent models with identical fracture planes were supported with steel mesh or with glass reinforced polymer skin bonded to the free side. Loads and displacements were compared for models with and without skin reinforcement. As expected the skin support helped resist gutter formation, to various degrees, while increasing the residual strength of the concrete block. It was found that there was significantly less bedding displacements in models with the polymer skin, when compared with both steel mesh and no skin reinforcement. This suggests that there would be benefits to using a spray on polymeric skin as surface support in roofs subject to severe roof shear., Jan Nemcik, Ernest Baafi and Ian Porter., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In our study we find, from the analysis of VLBI observations, small quasi-periodic fluctuations of the period and quality factor of retrograde Free Core Nutation (FCN), ranging mainly between 429.8 to 430.8 days and 17000 to 21000, respectively. To this end, we use resonant effects in several dominant forced nutation terms to calculate the period and quality factor of FCN in running 6-year intervals. We also recently demonstrated that the atmospheric and oceanic excitations are capable of exciting FCN. Both amplitude and phase of the geophysically excited motion are consistent with the values observed by VLBI, in the interval of tens of years. The geophysical excitations are now numerically integrated, using Brzeziński’s broadband Liouville equations, and removed from the observed celestial pole offsets. The remaining part is then used to derive the period and quality factor of FCN in running intervals, and to study the temporal stability of these important Earth parameters. It is demonstrated that the observed quasi-periodic variations of both parameters are probably not caused by these geophysical excitations., Jan Vondrák and Cyril Ron., and Obsahuje bibliografii
PATNET, the seismic network of the University of Patras, monitores regularly the seismic activity in the whole western Greece, using for a HYPO location a model, derived as an average representation for this broad area. One of the active regions of the western Greece is the Gulf of Corinth, which central part lies partially on the edge of the PATNET. Due to this and to the fact that the PATNET stations have mostly the vertical component only, the PATNET HYPO location of events in this region are often characterized by large standard errors in epicentres and especially in depths. Using a sequence of small earthquakes that occurred from February to May 2001 close to the city of Aigion, and was recorded by PATNET and as well by local Corinth rift laboratory (CRL) three-component network (CRLNET), we have derived for PATNET station and local model constants whose aplication improves the PATNET HYPO location of events in central part of Gulf of Corinth. These constants represent the main result useful for improvement of the future PATNET location in the given region., Jaromír Janský, Efthimios Sokos, Anna Serpetsidaki and Helene Lyon-Caen., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The results obtained by four years long TM 71 extensometer monitoring of 3D micro-tectonic displacements of Dinaric Fault Zone on two sites, being 260 m apart in Postojna Cave, were statistically evaluated with different methods (Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, comparison between relative displacement and earthquakes, linear regression, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, histograms and correlation coefficients). Responses to stress changes regarding x, y and z-axes are not the same on two monitoring sites even if we are monitoring the same fault zone. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for comparing the two curves is applicable only for three axes combination (Postojna 1 z - Postojna 2 z, Postojna 2 y - Postojna 1 z, and Postojna 2 z - Postojna 2 y). Kruskal-Wallis analysis is most representative for z-axes. Some sharp peaks coincide with earthquake occurrences (Krn M=5.2, Cerkno M=4.0, Ilirska Bistrica M=3.9, Brežice M=2.9 and Krško M=3.1). Generally we detect very small tectonic deformations, dextral horizontal movement of 0.05 mm in 4 years for Postojna 1 and extension of 0.03 mm in 4 years for Postojna 2. Discrepancies between two sites can be attributed to complex geological structure and by the fact that studied fault zone is cut by cross-Dinaric fault zone., Stanka Šebela, Janez Turk, Janez Mulec, Blahoslav Košťák and Josef Stemberk., and Obsahuje bibliografii