Jaká je hodnota lidského života? Článek poukazuje na hodnotu člověka jako Božího obrazu. Zabývá se problematikou posvátnosti lidského života, problém smrti a věčného života, otázkou lidské svobody a svobodného jednání. Chápe svědomí jako podstatný element pro poznání mravní pravdy o světě, mravního zákona vepsaného Bohem. Jedná se o soud rozumu, kterým lidská bytost poznává mravní jakost konkrétního činu. Autor poukazuje na vztah rozumu a víry a poznatelnost Boží pravdy skrze lidský rozum a lidské svědomí. Teprve prostřednictvím této optiky pak lze chápat správně hodnotu lidského života a hodnotu lidských činů. and What is the value of human life? This article points to human value as the value of God's image. It deals with the issue of the sanctity of human life, the problem of the death and the eternal life, the question of human freedom and free agency. Theological view finds out the conscience as an essential element of understanding of the moral truth about the world, a law written by God. This is a judgment of reason throw which the human being recognizes the moral quality of a concrete act. The author points to the relationship between reason and faith and cognizable God's truth through human reason and human conscience. Only through this lens can be understood correctly the value of human life and the value of human acting.
The subject of this study is the issue of sickness, death and dying as approached in the first textbooks of pastoral theology. In the Catholic confessional environment of late 18th century Central Europe, pastoral theology was a new discipline that was about to be introduced into university curricula. The aim of this article is to outline and describe the concept of sickness and death with which the first textbooks of the new discipline worked in formulating new content and forms of spiritual care for the sick and dying. These, presented as binding on future spiritual administrators, defined itself against the older tradition and drew inspiration from Jansenist-Enlightenment approaches and thought. We mainly analyse two or three textbooks that were widely used in the Czech environment. They relied on the prescribed and most successful textbook of the Viennese pastoralist Franz Giftschütz, translated into Czech by the Olomouc teacher Václav Stach, and on the Czech scripts of Aegidius (Jiljí) Chládek, a Premonstratensian of Strahov Monastery and Prague university professor. The changes in the content and forms of Catholic preparation for death and of the concepts of illness and death must be understood in the context of the reforms that affected the field of spiritual education at this time, the new view of the person of the Catholic clergyman, and also the changes in religious and moral sentiments and the promotion and dissemination of medical knowledge and concepts also in the non-medical strata of society.