Ninety-five eels from one marine and three freshwater localities in Iceland were examined for parasites. Twenty species were found, 12 from marine habitat, 12 from freshwater and 4 species were found in both habitats. These are: Eimeria anguillae, Chilodonella hexasticha, Trichodina fultoni, T. jadranica, Myxidium giardi, Myxobolus kotlani, two Zschokkella spp., Derogenes varicus, Deropristis inflata, Diplostomum sp., Plagioporus angulatus, Podocotyle atomon, Anisakis simplex (larva), Eustrongylides sp. (larva), Hysterothylacium aduncum (larva), Raphidascaris acus (larval and adult stages), Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus macrocephalus, and a pseudophyllidean larva. Thirteen of these species are new parasite records from Icelandic waters. The component community of marine eels was characterized by low diversity and a high dominance of a single species. Overall, seven species of helminths were observed, up to five different species occurring in an individual fish. The component community of the freshwater eels was species-poor with low diversity and relatively high dominance of single species. A between-sites difference in the freshwater eels was considerable; only Diplostomum sp. was found at more then one sampling site. Similar to previous studies, there is a total replacement of freshwater macroparasite species by marine ones in saline waters. But unlike research abroad in which species richness decreases with higher salinity, the marine eels in Iceland have considerably higher richness than the freshwater ones. The parasite communities of freshwater eels in Iceland are, in general species-poorer, less diverse and having higher Berger Parker (BP) dominance than other eel communities in Europe. Marine eels have on the other hand comparable species richness, are less diverse and with a high BP dominance.
This article discusses the way in which three different generations
of Lithuanian patriots defined their relationship with the Czech national movement; how the Czech national movement influenced the development of the Lithuanian national movement in the 19th century. The article is methodologically based on a three-stage periodization of the national movement provided by historian, Miroslav Hroch. It draws information primarily on the basis of text analysis of the journals Teka Wileńska, Aušra, and Varpas, which
can be regarded as generational ideological platforms, and correspondence and memories of activists. The author researches the difference in the motivation of Lithuaanian-Polish patriots on one hand and, on the other, by later generations activists of the Lithuanian national movement. and Obsahuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The paper investigates the degrees of comparison in New Czech using two corpora of private correspondence as a material source: the corpus of contemporary private letters KSKdopisy (Hladká et al., 2005) and a preparatory version of the corpus consisting of the letters written by or addressed to poet, journalist and politician Karel Havlíček (1821-1856). Distinguishing pricipially relative and absolute meanings (i.e. comparison and elation, respectively), it tries to show that with relative meaning, the question whether using a comparative or superlative form of a quality word implies the positive presence of the quality (rather than the opposite), is (a) not to be answered generally, and (b) often irrelevant in communication. The paper describes various relative and absolute meanings of the degrees of comparison and the clues to their interpretation. Finally, it deals with comparative and superlative forms with modified/weakened meanings.
We present the Rothe method for the McKendrick-von Foerster equation with initial and boundary conditions. This method is well known as an abstract Euler scheme in extensive literature, e.g. K. Rektorys, The Method of Discretization in Time and Partial Differential Equations, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1982. Various Banach spaces are exploited, the most popular being the space of bounded and continuous functions. We prove the boundedness of approximate solutions and stability of the Rothe method in $L^\infty $ and $L^1$ norms. Proofs of these results are based on comparison inequalities. Our theory is illustrated by numerical experiments. Our research is motivated by certain models of mathematical biology.