Světová zdravotnická organizace (WHO) vydala v květnu 2014 aktualizované počty let života poznamenaných onemocněním (DALYs). Autor vybírá nejdůležitější čísla týkající se České republiky a srovnává je s vybranými státy Evropy. V České republice byla v roce 2012 ztráta zdravých let života 3 428 900 roků, o 89 500 roků nižší než v roce 2000. Význam DALYs pro hodnocení zátěže společnosti nemocemi a pro formulaci priorit zdravotní politiky je v České republice nedoceněn., The World Health Organization (WHO) released updated estimates of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in May 2014. Most important estimates concerning the Czech Republic and comparisons with selected European countries are presented. Healthy life lost years (DALYs) were 3,428,900 in 2012, 89,500 less than in 2000. Reminded is the meaning of DALYs for the disease burden of the society as well as the lack of using of DALYs for the purpose of priority setting in Czech health policy., Jaroslav Kříž, and Literatura
Příspěvek je věnován problematice jazyka mládeže. Zkoumaná slovní spojení, vybraná ze dvou slovníků, jsou posuzována z hlediska syntaktického (např. utváření nových obratů podle již existujícího vzoru), sémantického a komunikačního (slova nabývající nový význam jsou často začleňována do ustálených větných forem a postupně se stávají frazeologismy). Samotný jazyk mládeže je pak posuzován jako specifická varieta řečové komunikace.
One of the most abundant immunologic cell types in early decidua is the uterine natural killer (UNK) cell that despite the presence of cytoplasmic granules rich in perforin and granzymes does not degranulate in normal pregnancy. UNK cells are important producers of angiogenic factors that permit normal dilation of uterine arteries to provide increased blood flow for the growing feto-placental unit. Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration can trigger an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines impairing the normal immune cells activity as well as uterine homeostasis. The present study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the reactivity of perforin and α-actin on UNK cell from LPStreated pregnant mice. For the first time, we demonstrate that LPS injection in pregnant mice causes α-actin down regulation, concomitantly with perforin loss in UNK cells. This suggests that LPS alters UNK cell migration and activates cytotoxic granule release., B. Zavan, A. M. do Amarante-Paffaro, V. A. Paffaro Jr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The structuralistic point of view seems to be applicable in the sociolinguistics as far as the relation of language norms and varieties is concerned. Language norms can be classifiable as components of human consciousness, the function of which is to regulate language expectations and actions. These norms reflect social and language phenomena. Varieties are coherent collections of language elements which can be distributed according to geographic, social or functional criteria. The relation between norms and varieties is that between invariant and variant elements. These units facilitate to operationalize the sociolin-guistic perception of language-users. Invariant constructs with their sociolinguistic relevance (segments of norms) are realizable in various ways, which depends on various factors determining communicative situations. The author suggests to coin the term normeme for the realizable unit and allonorme for the realized variants (segments of varieties).