The paper deals with the practice of rulership of the duchesses or queens in Bohemia and Moravia in central Middle Ages, focusing on their influence on issuing (intervention, petition, or as witness) the charters and their roles at the court of dukes of the Přemyslides dynasty. As the wife of a duke, a reigning duchess enjoyed a personal and political closeness to the duke, i.e. she used to follow his ruling practice, but she had, thanks to her dowry or higher status (for instance Eufemia, consort of duke Oto I. of Moravia, or Elisabeth, wife of duke Friedrich I., both princesses of Hungary), financial resources as well as household or in the late twelfth century court-officials that gave her some possibilities to make individual political decisions.