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12. question waiting to be asked: Innate immunity receptors in the perspective of zoological research

Creator:
Vinkler, Michal, Albrecht, Tomáš, Stopka, Pavel, and Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
animal immunogenetics, ecological and evolutionary immunology, immunity genes, parasites, wild-living populations, ecoimmunology, and immunoecology
Language:
English
Description:
In the last decade a great effort has been devoted in animal evolutionary ecology to searching for interindividual and interspecific differences in anti-parasite resistance. Although many examples of variability in health-related traits were described in natural animal populations, our knowledge about the underlying genetic features dermining this variance is only limited. It has been shown in numerous examples in laboratory animals, domestic animals and humans that variation in the Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is unable to explain all known genetically determined immunological variation in animals. Still MHC is so far the only gene cluster studied in ecological immunology of free-living animals. In this review we therefore map the potential importance of another group of immunity genes, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These innate immunity receptors belong among the most essential components of animal pathogen-recognition system and being reasonably polymorphic they might be responsible for substantial part of variation in disease-resistance in animals.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

13. Residual concentration of estriol during mouse sperm capacitation in vitro determined by HPLC method

Creator:
Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina, Honetschlägerová, Marie, Tesařová, Eva, Vašinová, Jitka, Frolíková, Michaela, Bosáková, Zuzana, and Stopka, Pavel
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
endocrine dsruptors, estriol, sperm, capacitation, and HPLC
Language:
English
Description:
Natural and synthetic compounds called endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with normal hormone binding to convey inaccurate signals or send mixed messages that may result in altered health outcomes of both wildlife and humans. Estriol is one of natural origin endocrine disruptors and it is metabolite of 17β-estradiol. The aim of this work was to develop a method for determining free estriol available to capaciting sperm. In order to determine a status of estriol during mouse sperm capacitation in vitro a high performance liquid chromatography HPLC method with UV detection was used. A free estriol, and the estriol bound to the bovine serum albumin in capacitation medium can be quantified by the proposed method. A reversed-phase separation mode using a SunFire C18 column with a simple mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water, methanol and water at the ratio 40/60 (v/v) was applied. Our results show that the level of free estriol available for mouse spermatozoa during capacitation in vitro can be quantified by HPLC method with UV detection. Therefore, this method represents an important tool to determine the amount of environmental estrogens, such as estriol, bound to sperm cells at the specific time point of capacitation in vitro.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

14. Role of complement regulatory proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 in reproduction

Creator:
Frolíková, Michaela, Stopková, Romana, Antalíková, Jana, Johnson, Peter M., Stopka, Pavel, and Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
CD46, CD55, CD59, sperm, rodent, and human
Language:
English
Description:
In humans, CD46 has been detected on the acrosomal membrane in sperm, in contrast to widespread surface expression on somatic cells where it plays a key role in the protection from complement attack. In rodents, CD46 is expressed solely on the acrosomal membrane of mature sperm and their immediate precursors, spermatids. A monoclonal antibody against the short consensus repeat (SCR1) ectodomain of CD46 blocks binding of human sperm to zona-free oocytes in vitro. However, CD46-knockout mice are fertile and have an accelerated spontaneous acrosome reaction. Wild-caught field mice (Apodemus) also exhibit a rapid acrosome reaction and CD46 is not expressed in Apodemus sperm. CD46 may, therefore, play a role in stabilization of the acrosomal membrane. Two other complement regulatory proteins, CD55 and CD59, are localized on the plasma membrane of mammalian sperm. In human sperm, CD55 and CD59 are expressed also on the inner acrosomal membrane. It remains to be clarified what is the role of CD46, CD55 and CD59 during fertilization and what are the advantages of not expressing CD46 in field mice sperm.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. SWI/SNF2 proteins in germinal and early embryonic development

Creator:
Kokavec, Juraj, Vargová, Jarmila, Burda, Pavel, Vargová, Karin, Nečas, Emanuel, Stopka, Tomáš, Stopka, Pavel, and Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
ISWI, Snf2h, Smarca5, Brg1 (Smarca 4), chromatin, epigenetic, stem cell, and primordial germ cell
Language:
English
Description:
Specific transcription factors participate in the decision making process that controls cell fate and differentiation. They function in the environment of chromatin and directly affect its structure and activity. This influence is especially apparent during the development regulation of gametes and in the course of the development of an early embryo. This review focuses on the role that Snf2h (Smarca 5) and Brg1 (Smarca 4), two factors belonging to the SWI/SNF2 family, play in the establishment of chromatin structure in germinal and early embryonic development.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

18. Urinary lipocalins in Mastomys coucha

Creator:
Daniszová, Kristina, Janotová, Kateřina, Jedelský, Petr L., Stopka, Pavel, and Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
Major Urinary Protein and chemical communication
Language:
English
Description:
The presence of large amounts of proteins in mammal urine is usually associated with a pathological condition and indicates serious renal lesions. However, there are few species with obligate proteinuria indicating that they must derive some benefit from this condition. Urinary proteins have been most extensively studied in the house mouse and the rat, and findings to date indicate that their function in intraspecific communication is complex and not yet fully understood. Other proteins of the same protein family as MUPs have been also found in urine of some other rodent species, and still less is known about these. In this study we demonstrate the existence of urinary lipocalins in Mastomys coucha for the first time. Our results support the hypothesis that urinary proteins may play an important role in chemical communication, and level of polymorphism of these proteins in different rodents may help us to understand their specific function.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/