a1_In cooperation with AIUB (Astronomical Institute University of Berne), GOP (Geodetic Observatory Pecný) and IGN (Institut Géographique National), DORIS data analysis capabilities were implemented into the development version 5.0 of the Bernese GPS Software. The DORIS observables are reformulated that they are similar to GNSS carrier phase observations as much as possible allowing the use of the same observation models and algorithms as for GNSS carrier phase data analysis with only minor modifications. Evolution of DORIS data analysis using Bernese GPS Software is presented from the pilot campaign (September 2004) to the automatic processing of multi-year data time-series. The station and pole coordinates were estimated within the free-network approach and the long time-series of weekly estimated parameters are presented (1993.0- 2009.0) and analyzed. The RMS of the estimated polar coordinates significantly decreased after 2002, when the second generation of DORIS satellites was launched. A significant improvement has been achieved by processing the data from the new satellites (SPOT-5 and Envisat) launched in 2002. The RMS in 2003-2009.0 shows the decreasing trend and reached values close to 0.4 mas in both coordinates (2007-2008). Behavior of the terrestrial reference frame scale was quite stable with a few exceptions. Analysis of the major scale shift at the end of 2004 revealed the SPOT-5 and Envisat satellites as the source of the problem. On the other hand, the termination of the TOPEX/Poseidon DORIS data processing at the end of 2004 did not influence significantly the overall scale level. Another goal of the paper is a detail analysis of relations between the value of the observation residuals and the length of the observation time-interval. A simple empirical model considering the observation noise as a sum of the constant and time-dependent terms is applied and discussed., a2_A significant DORIS-GNSS ZTD bias as well as station height bias have been detected in the case of the SPOT-5 data for South America stations Santiago, Cachoiera Paulista, and Arequipa. These stations are located in the area of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)., Petr Štěpánek, Vratislav Filler, Urs Hugentobler and Jan Douša., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Nanocarriers bearing anticancer drugs are promising candidates to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and minimize side effects. The most potent cytostatics used in the treatment of various cancers are anthracyclines, e.g. doxorubicin or pirarubicin. Recently, polymer therapeutics carrying anthracyclines have been intensively studied. The precise characterization of in vitro nanocarrier biological behavior brings a better understanding of the nanocarrier characteristics and enables prediction of the behavior of the nanocarrier during in vivo application. Advanced fluorescence detection methods, e.g. fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), were successfully exploited to describe the properties of various polymeric nano-systems and contributed to a complex view of anthracyclines’ intracellular transport and DNA intercalation. Here, we report the application of a specific technique for processing FLIM images, called fluorescence pattern decomposition, to evaluate early events after doxorubicin or pirarubicin treatment of cells. Moreover, we characterized changes in the intracellular localization and release of the anthracyclines during the incubation of cells with polymer nanotherapeutics based on poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)- methacrylamide] (pHPMA)., J. Panek, E. Koziolova, P. Stepanek, T. Etrych, O. Janouskova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
For many important research topics in polymer science the use of radionuclides brings significant benefits concerning nanotechnology, polymer drug delivery systems, tissue engineering etc. This contribution describes important achievements of the radionuclide laboratory at Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMC) in the area of polymers for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to water-soluble polymer carriers of radionuclides, thermoresponsive polymer radionuclide carriers, thermoresponsive polymers for local brachytherapy, polymer scaffolds modified with (radiolabeled) peptides and polymer copper chelators for the therapy of Wilson´s disease., M. Hrubý, J. Kučka, J. Pánek, P. Štěpánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Self-organization in a polymer system appears when a balance is achieved between long-range repulsive and short-range attractive forces between the chemically different building blocks. Block copolymers forming supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media represent materials which are extremely useful for the construction of drug delivery systems especially for cancer applications. Such formulations suppress unwanted physicochemical properties of the encapsulated drugs, modify biodistribution of the drugs towards targeted delivery into tissue of interest and allow triggered release of the active cargo. In this review, we focus on general principles of polymer selforganization in solution, phase separation in polymer systems (driven by external stimuli, especially by changes in temperature, pH, solvent change and light) and on effects of copolymer architecture on the self-assembly process., M. Hrubý, S. K. Filippov, P. Štěpánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii