Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, a universal indicator of sarcopenia usable in clinical practice is still missing. A novel indicator for describing the severity of cancer could be helpful in tailoring the anti-tumor therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) scans of total muscle area and radiation attenuation in patients suffering from small cell lung cancer. We used staging CT scans performed at the time of diagnosis to measure total muscle area (TMA) and average psoas density (PD) at level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. TMA and PD were statistically evaluated in association with overall survival and disease staging. We used Mann-Whitney test and Spearman´s correlation coefficient for statistical testing and p-value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Retrospectively we examined 47 patients suffering from SCLC (mean age 65.05±7.3 years, BMI 23.97±4.4 kg/m2 , BSA 1.77±0.2 m2 , 30-day mortality was 4.3 % with 10 months median survival). As sarcopenia was pointed TMA under 55 and 39 cm2 /m2 for men and women respectively. The sarcopenic patients had significantly shorter median survival (7 vs. 11 months, p=0.05). We observed a significant relationship between survival and performance status (Spearman´s correlation, R=-0.39, p=0.05). The patients were divided into two groups according to the extensive (ED, n=34) or limited (LD, n=13) form of the disease. We observed significant difference in PD (42.49±6.1 vs. 47.67±4.5 HU, p=0.006) between ED vs. LD groups.
Úvod: U lumbálnej sympatektómie sa ireverzibilne poškodí sympatikový kmeň a gangliá segmentov L1-L5, najčastejšie L2-L4. Výkon sa robí už od roku 1923. V minulosti boli jeho indikácie široké, po zavedení revaskularizačných metód význam poklesol. Cieľom práce je predstaviť literárny prehľad problematiky lumbálnej sympatektómie za posledných 15 rokov. Metóda: Literárny prehľad 113 akademických článkov svetovej literatúry. Patofyziológia: Princípom je zrušenie eferentácie na alfa-1 receptory, čím dochádza k relatívnej vazodilatácii malých ciev na dolných končatinách (DKK), prerušenie eferentácie exokrinných žliaz, ktorým sa zníži objem tvoreného potu a aferentácie nociceptorov ovplyvňujúcich bolesti DKK. Indikácie: Raynaudov fenomén, thromboangiitis obliterans, ischemická choroba dolných končatín (ICHDK) u nerevaskularizovateľného nálezu v štádiu Fontain III – IV, hyperhidróza, perzistujúca bolesť DKK, chronické bolesti amputačného pahýľu, omrzliny, oziabliny. Efekt: Tri najväčšie dohľadané štúdie uvádzajú pozitívny efekt v intervale 63,6 %−93,4 % u ICHDK a 97 %−100 % u hyperhidrózy. Za pozitívny efekt u pacienta považujú teplé DKK, zvýšenie prekrvenia, akceleráciu hojenia chronických defektov, zmiznutie potenia a zmenšenie bolestí DKK. Záver: lumbálna sympatektómia je stále použiteľnou metódou v terapii vyššie uvedených chorôb. Jej efekt závisí od správnej indikácie., Introduction: Lumbar sympathectomy (LS) irreversibly damages a part of the sympathetic trunk and adjacent ganglia between L1 and L5, typically between L2 and L4. The first LS was performed in 1923. Initially, it used to be performed very often; however, with the progress of vascular and endovascular surgery its importance gradually continues to decline. The aim of the paper is to present literature review focusing on LS over the past 15 years. Method: Literature review of 113 academic articles found in academic journal databases. Pathophysiology: Irreversible interruption of the efferent innervation leads to relative vasodilation of small vessels in lower extremities (α1-receptors blockade), and it reduces the volume of sweat due to inactivation of eccrine glands and nociception from lower limbs. Indication: Raynaud´s phenomenon, thromboangitis obliterans, non-revascularizable peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Fontain grade III-IV), hyperhidrosis, persistent pain in lower extremities, chronic pain of amputation stump, frostbites, chilblains. Effect: The three largest studies showed a positive effect in 63.6–93.4% cases of PAD and in 97%−100% cases of hyperhidrosis. The positive effect was defined as warmer lower extremities, increased blood flow, acceleration of chronic defects healing, sweating disappearance and pain reduction. Conclusion: Lumbar sympathectomy still remains a useful method in the treatment of above mentioned diseases if properly indicated., and M. Pekař, M. Mazur, A. Pekařová, J. Kozák, A. Foltys