High resolution {OV5) two-dimensional spectra performed with the Multichannel Soustractive Double Pass (MSDP) spectrograph of the Pie du Midi Observatory, were analysed. An adapted image processing provides two-dimensional intensity and velocity maps of the solar granulation at two intensity levels of the photospheric line NaD2, filtered for the 5 min oscillations. An inspection of such
maps confirms that the bright granules at the continuum level are well correlated witli rising material as well as the dark intergranular spaces with falling material, and that the velocity fluctuations
penetrate much high into the photosphere than the intensity fluctuations. The one-dimensional power spectrum has a slope close to - 5/3, characteristic of a turbulent medium, in the size range
of the granulation. It is suggested that the convectivc energy is supplied by the mesogranulation and the supergranulation; this energy is then cascading toward the smaller scales through the granulation, which thus appears to be turbulent.
Properties of the line structure of a well developped active region, as visible at the photospheric level, including umbral dots and penumbral filaments of sunspots, facular points, disturbed
granules, are described. Properties of a few cbromospheric features are also descoribed because they are dosely connected to tbe pbotospheric ones. Empirical and theoretical models which can explain the observed properties are discussed.
We have measured the mot ion of facular points and granules in the same region near a decaying sunspot. It is found that both solar features move away across the moat surrounding the sunspot.
The mean speed of facular points is larger than that of granules : 0.65 km s-1 and 0.4 km s-1, respectively. These results are consistent with previous measurements of the speed of bright network features and moving magnetic fields, as well as of non-magnetic photospheric material. They support models in which a decaying sunspot is at the center of a supergranule, whose horizontal motions sweep out granules and magnetic flux tubes associated to the facular points. It is also found that granules are dragged by supergranular motions away of the moat.