The goal of this study was to investigate the structure of musical preferences in a sample set of participants from the Czech Republic (n = 521), differences in the structure of musical preferences among various age groups (16–50 years), and associations between these preferences and certain personality traits. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five dimensions of musical preference in all age groups. Further analysis addressed the question of how the dimensions of musical preference relate to personality traits, tracing the relation between musical preference and various dimensions in the ‘Big-Five’ personality model. The findings confirmed those of previous research conducted in the United States (by Rentfrow and Gosling in 2003), but revealed certain dissimilarities as well, resulting from specific features of culture in the Czech Republic. Also analyzed in the study are similarities and differences among various age groups.