The study presents a look at one of the most common crimes of the past - infanticide. It was conducted using materials stored in the State Regional Archives, from files in the Women’s Prison in Řepy, the most important of which are archive materials (books and bundles) from 1864-1948. The study focuses on information about the number of women convicted for the crime of infanticide, their lives (age, background, marital status, education level, languages, etc.), the location, method and reasons that led them to commit infanticide. Also presented are the length of the sentences, the potential aggravation of the sentence, and the situation surrounding the release of the individual. All this information is supplemented with samples of papers that have survived. It study also includes an excursion into life in a prison.