Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world's female population and with the highest lethality index among gynecological tumors. The prognosis of metastatic disease is usually poor, especially in platinum-resistant cases. There are several options for the treatment of metastatic disease resistant to platinum derivates (e.g. paclitaxel, topotecan and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin), all of which are considered equipotent. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a liposomal form of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. It is characterized by more convenient pharmacokinetics and a different toxicity profile. Cardiotoxicity, the major adverse effect of conventional doxorubicin, is reduced in PLD as well as hematotoxicity, alopecia, nausea and vomiting. Skin toxicity and mucositis, however, emerge as serious issues since they represent dose and schedule-limiting toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of PLD (prolonged biological half-life and preferential distribution into tumor tissue) provide new possibilities to address these toxicity issues. The extracorporeal elimination of circulating liposomes after PLD saturation in the tumor tissue represents a novel and potent strategy to diminish drug toxicity. This article intends to review PLD characteristics and the importance of extracorporeal elimination to enhance treatment tolerance and benefits. and O. Kubeček, M. Bláha, D. Diaz-Garcia, S. Filip
Lidské papilomaviry jsou v centru pozornosti jako původci mnoha benigních i maligních onemocnění ženského genitálu. V posledních desetiletích byl učiněn významný pokrok ve výzkumu v oblasti virové genetiky, etiopatogeneze, prevence a léčby papilomavirových infekcí. Výsledkem jsou informace, které umožnily zavedení nových metod v prevenci a diagnostice cervikálního karcinomu. Tento článek shrnuje aktuální poznatky o infekcích lidskými papilomaviry v gynekologii., Human papillomavirus gained a lot of attention during past years for being the main cause of many benign and malignant diseases of female genital tract. During the last few decades the significant progress in research of genetics, etiopathogenesis, prevention and treatment of papillomavirus infections have been made. These results enable us to implement new methods in the prevention and diagnostics of cervical cancer. This article summarizes current knowledge about human papillomavirus infections in gynecology., Alena Kubečková, Ondřej Kubeček, Jiří Špaček, and Literatura