Biomechanical simulation activities are seen to undergo considerable growth in volume and scope. More complex and more complete models are now being generated. Biomechanical simulations are considered and extended well into the fields of transport vehicle occupant safety, biomedicine and virtual surgery, ergonomics and into the fields of leisure and sports article manufacture.
For an impact application like a car to pedestrian impact, correct modeling of a knee joint is important for description of the global response and dynamics after the impact. It is also useful for description of possible injuries. Based on the large research of available sources done in [3] in order to create an adequate knee joint, a simple articulated rigid body knee model is introduced. The model is based on the nonlinear joint accommodating flexion-extension and lateral rotation and translation. Joint characteristics are based on public experimental data. Dynamical validation of the new model is provided. The model is implemented into existing human articulated rigid body model ROBBY2 [2] and the frontal impact of a van versus a pedestrian is simulated including comparison to experiment.
The pre-crash activity of the human body is also essential from the point of influencing the global body motion. Hence, the influence of active muscles on the impact kinematics is investigated and comparison to passive model is provided. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The strength and stiffness of the differential cage is very important issue, because it affects the functionality of the other components of powered axles. The problem is that for the stress analysis of the differential cage is not possible to use conventional strength and elasticity approaches, because the differetial cage has very complex geometrical shape and is also loaded by the combination of forces generated by the load engagement of the bevel gear. Therefore numerical simulations are more and more frequently used to solve this complex problem when the main task is creation the computational model that correspond the real state. The present paper deals with designing the computational model of the cage differential drive of the rear powered axle of utility vehicle. This model is then used for the strength structural analysis of the differential cage assembly. Presented computational model takes into account also the load of the differential cage thanks to the preload in strength bolts which join the bevel crown gear and differential cage. and Obsahuje seznam literatury a názvosloví