The majority of matter in our universe exists at high pressures and high temperature, such as found in the deep interior of planets and stars, beyond those experienced the surface of the Earth. Recent development in high pressure techniques enabled simulation of these conditions in laboratoire and thus investigaton of matter at extreme (high pressures and temperatures) conditions. A static compression technique utilizing a diamond anvil-cell (DAC) is today a well-established technique yielding a wealth of information on the behaviour of highle-compressed materials. It soon became clear that matter can adopt complex structures and can exhibit exotic physical properties under pressure. The DAC is a powerful tool, spread across multiple research disciplines from material science searching for novel materials to planetary sciences shedding light on the most remote parts of our planet., Zuzana Konôpková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury