Peripheral blood monocytes, which serve as precursors for tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), play a key role in the immune response to kidney allograft, reparation processes and homeostasis regulation. In this prospective study, we used multicolor flow cytometry to monitor the phenotypic patterns of peripheral monocytes in subjects with uncomplicated outcomes and those with acute rejection. We found a reciprocal increase in the proportion of "classical monocytes" (CD14+CD16-) along with a decline in pro-inflammatory "intermediary" (CD14+CD16+) and "non-classical" (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes in subjects with normal outcomes. In subjects with acute rejection, we observed no reduction in "intermediary" monocytes and no increase in "classical" monocytes. Patients with uncomplicated outcomes exhibited downregulated HLA-DR in all three monocyte subpopulations. However, non-classical monocytes were unaffected in subjects with acute rejection. Expression of CD47 was downregulated after transplantation, while patients with antibody-mediated rejection and donor-specific antibodies showed higher pre-transplant values. In monocytes isolated at the time of biopsy, CD47 expression was higher in individuals with acute rejection compared to patients with normal outcomes one year post-transplant. Expression of CD209 (DC-SIGN) and the proportion of CD163+CD206+ subpopulations were upregulated during the first week after kidney transplantation. CD209 was also upregulated in samples taken on the day of biopsy confirming acute rejection. Our data demonstrate that kidney allograft transplantation is associated with phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes during acute rejection., Veronika Švachová, Lenka Krupičková, Marek Novotný, Martina Fialová, Kristýna Mezerová, Eva Čečrdlova, Věra Lánská, Antonij Slavčev, Ondřej Viklický, Ilja Stříž., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Prezentujeme případ 26leté mladé ženy s náhodně ultrasonograficky nalezeným tumorem pod levým lalokem štítné žlázy, jehož velikost během roku mírně zprogredovala; při aspirační cytologii bylo vysloveno podezření na nádor neuroektodermového původu a bylo indikováno jeho operační odstranění. Nádor byl hladce a šetrně odstraněn, přesto se v bezprostředním pooperačním období objevuje Hornerův syndrom. Histologicky byl verifikován ganglioneurom., We present the case of a 26-year-old female patient with coincidental ultrasound finding of a neck tumour located below the left thyroid lobe. The tumour slightly increased in size over a year. Fine needle aspiration indicated the neuroectodermal origin of the tumour and surgical removal was performed. Although the tumour mass was carefully and successfully removed, post-operational Horner’s syndrome appeared. The tumour tissue was diagnosed as ganglioneuroma by histopathology., and M. Fialová, S. Adámek, J. Adámková, P. Škapa, J. Broulová, J. Fiala, R. Lischke
M2 macrophages expressing CD163 are known to suppress immune responses but have been also found in biopsies of patients with chronic kidney allograft injury associated with interstitial fibrosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of CD163 in blood monocytes, precursors of tissue macrophages, in kidney allograft recipients with uncomplicated outcome (n=94) compared with those developing acute rejection (n=44). Blood samples were collected before the transplantation and at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year. The expression of CD163 increased during the first week after the transplantation not only in classical (CD14+CD16- ) but also in intermediate (CD14+CD16+) and nonclassical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes in all patients regardless of their rejection status. In patients developing acute rejection, higher pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes was found. In vitro experiments confirmed strong induction of membrane CD163 on monocytes together with CD206 (an alternative marker of M2 macrophages) in response to IL-10. We assume from our data that dramatic upregulation of CD163 by peripheral blood monocytes may have a pathophysiological role in early phases after kidney allograft transplantation and high pre-transplant expression of CD163 on blood monocytes might be involved in events leading to acute rejection., Lenka Čurnová, Kristýna Mezerová, Veronika Švachová, Martina Fialová, Marek Novotný, Eva Čečrdlová, Ondřej Viklický, Ilja Stříž., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Úvod: Primární hyperparathyreóza je onemocnění způsobené nadměrnou sekrecí parathormonu z příštítných tělísek. Po stanovení diagnózy endokrinologem záleží úspěch operačního řešení zejména na zkušenosti chirurga. Zvláštní skupinu tvoří ektopická lokalizace patologicky zvětšeného příštítného tělíska v mediastinu, která vyžaduje modifikaci operačního přístupu. Při hlubokém uložení adenomu v mediastinu je indikována sternotomie či thorakotomie, anebo je lze nahradit metodou miniinvazivní – videothorakoskopickou thymektomií. Kazuistika: Předmětem sdělení je kazuistika pacienta, který měl normokalcemickou recidivující primární hyperparathyreózu a podstoupil miniinvazivní videoasistovanou thymektomii po scintigrafickém potvrzení uložení adenomu příštítného tělíska v mediastinu. Závěr: Odstranění adenomu příštítného tělíska z mediastina metodou videothorakoskopickou je metoda bezpečná. Tato metoda oproti sternotomiím zlepšuje pooperační průběh, zkracuje dobu hospitalizace a přináší větší komfort pro pacienta. Doporučujeme zvážit tuto videothorakoskopickou metodu v případě uložení patologicky zvětšeného příštítného tělíska v dolním a předním mediastinu., Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease caused by elevated secretion of parathyroid hormone from pathological parathyroid glands. After the diagnosis, the success of its surgical solution depends predominantly on surgical management and experience of the surgeons. A special group is formed by ectopic localizations of pathologically enlarged parathyroid glands in the mediastinum, which require a modified surgical approach. When the adenoma is deep in the mediastinum, sternotomy or thoracotomy is indicated; alternatively, a minimally invasive approach can be used – videothoracoscopic thymectomy. Case report: We present a case of a patient with normocalcemic recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. This patient underwent a minimally invasive video-assisted thymectomy after scintigraphic confirmation of parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum. Conclusion: The removal of parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum using the videothoracoscopic method is safe. Compared to sternotomy, this method improves the postoperative period, reduces the length of stay and provides more comfort to patients. We recommend considering the videothoracoscopic method in cases where the pathologically enlarged parathyroid gland is localized in the inferior and anterior mediastinum., and P. Libánský, P. Broulík, M. Fialová, J. Kubinyi, R. Lischke, D. Táborská i.e. [K.] , J. Tvrdoň, J. Šedý, S. Adámek