Authors examine issue of abortion in the Czech Republic in the era of socialism and in post-communism period. They compare statistical data (collected by Czech Statistical Office) and data from public opinion survey concerning abortions and reproduction trends. Data from public opinion survey differs from the statistical one and it cannot prove that a special group of women prefer abortion as a solution of the unwanted pregnancy. The paper handles the topics such as models of reproduction behavior in socialism based on statistical data. Authors present that the abortion was used as a specific way of contraception before the 1989, particularly by the married women with two and more children and childless women get the abortion occasionally. The abortion rate started to slump after the decline of state socialism especially due to the spread of modern contraception. However, during the 1990s the number of childless women who got abortion increased.