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1. Citizenship in an Enlarging Europe: contested strategies

Creator:
Einhorn, Barbara
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article explores some of the debates surrounding the gendered impact of both the démocratisation process and European Union enlargement on the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It focuses on three key issues of gender-equitable citizenship: debates about the best mechanisms for achieving gender equality in mainstream politics; questions about the efficacy of civil society activism in relation to mainstream politics; and the pros and cons of gender mainstreaming as a key component of EU enlargement. It also raises the question of the most appropriate frame for achieving more gender-equitable societies: the nation-state or supra-national institutions such as the European Union.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Invariant subspaces of $X^{**}$ under the action of biconjugates

Creator:
Grivaux, Sophie and Rychtář, Jan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
algebras of operators with only one non-trivial invariant subspace, invariant subspaces under the action of the algebra of biconjugates operators, transitivity, and property (u) of Pelczynski
Language:
English
Description:
We study conditions on an infinite dimensional separable Banach space $X$ implying that $X$ is the only non-trivial invariant subspace of $X^{**}$ under the action of the algebra $\mathbb{A}(X)$ of biconjugates of bounded operators on $X$: $\mathbb{A}(X)=\lbrace T^{**}\: T \in \mathcal {B}(X)\rbrace $. Such a space is called simple. We characterize simple spaces among spaces which contain an isomorphic copy of $c_{0}$, and show in particular that any space which does not contain $\ell _1$ and has property (u) of Pelczynski is simple.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public