We evaluated various characters, inclusive of those observable rapidly and intuitionally, as taxonomic criteria for Spinturnix mites. In addition to the form and nature of idiosomal armatures, and chaetotaxy on idiosoma, idiosomal armatures and legs that have been widely used as taxonomic criteria, the topography of proteronotal setae, dorsal scales, ornamentations on the dorsal shield, sternal or stemo-genital shield, and venter of proximal leg segments were proved to be characteristic of a species. As the first step for putting the taxonomy of European species in order, the myoti, acuminata, camificina and psi species groups were defined to show morphological properties characteristic of each species or species group. Known species were relegated to the respective groups as many as possible. Spinturnix orientalis Turk was transferred to Emballonuria gen. n. The new genus was characterized by its 3 pairs of proteronotal setae, hooked spermadactyl, unique patterns of dorsal cuticle and dorsal shield, large tritostemum, anal shield with anal cribrum, relatively short peritreme and peritremal shield not reaching to the venter, short posterior seta of coxa II, and unique leg pattern. Spinturnix helvatiae Deunff, Keller et Aellen was relegated to a subspecies of Spinturnix acuminata (C. L; Koch).
Two elementary processes - unaxial compression and creep - were chosen to demonstrate some structural effects in the mechanical behaviour of particulate materials. Six aspects of it - density, grain crushing, angularity, water effect, diffusion and garlandlike creep - were dealt with using firstly theoretical hypotheses and verifying them afterwards by laboratory experiments. Granular clay, silica gel, sand and oat flakes were experimented with. It was shown that the effect of density can be masked by other factors, granulometrical curve may change - due to grain crushing - its shape from Gauss-Laplace to concave form, angularity may radically modify the stress-strain curves, water may initiate hydrocollapses, dry granular material if loaded may be subjected to diffusion and creep may acquire a hybrid form (mixture of diffusion and garlandlike varieties). Various species of nonstandard behaviour have been described. and Obsahuje seznam literatury