The article aims to analyse the consequences that interrupting labour market participation for the purpose of childcare has on the careers of Czech women. The analysis is conducted in two steps. In the first step the author examines patterns of employment breaks for childcare between different groups of women, in particular between women who had their children before and those who had them after the fall of the socialist regime. In the second step, the author explores how Czech women perceive the consequences of these career breaks and what socio-economic factors affect the perceptions of women. The analyses are based on the ESS data from 2004. The outcome of the analyses suggests that women who had at least one child after 1989 are more likely to interrupt their career for longer periods of time than women who gave birth before 1989. At the same time, these women report that employment breaks had more negative consequences on their career compared to women who had children before the fall of the socialist regime., Marie Valentová., 3 tabublky, and Obsahuje bibliografii
Males of the nematode Philometra lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935), the type species of the genus Philometra Costa, 1845, were discovered for the first time in gonads of its type host, the Japanese seaperch, Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier). Morphological comparisons carried out between the collected male and female P. lateolabracis with the male and female philometrid nematodes previously reported as P. lateolabracis infecting chicken grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum (Thunberg), and red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel), revealed that the latter represent two new species, Philometra isaki sp. n. and Philometra madai sp. n., respectively. Molecular comparison of ITS2 rDNA between P. lateolabracis and P. madai supported the morphological conclusion that the two nematodes obtained from different fish species should be assigned to different species.
The subjecí of this study ís the issue of the relationship of children from Romany (as well as Czech, Slovák and other) families to the Czech Republic. This issue was investigated as part of a wider study in 1998, during the period of the first large-scale migration of
Romanies out of the Czech Republic. The investigation was carried out by means of an anonymous questionnaire given to pupils in the 8th class at elemeníary schools in 46 towns in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The subjects of the enquiry were therefore children aged' 13 or 14, that is children who are theoretically capable not only of expressing the ethnic identity of their parents but also of expressing the nátuře of their relationship to the Czech Republic. The investigation received 5921 replies from children of different ethnic origins. Of these only 33 (0.56 %) explicitly declared themselves to be of Romany origin. Other
respondents indirectly acknowledged their Romany roots even though they officially declared their parents to be Czech, Slovák, Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian etc. or in some cases omitted to put down any parental nationality. Totalling the replies that gave an
indication of Romany ethnic origin gave a figuře of only 76 (1.28 % of the total sample). The relationship of the sample group of 13 - 14 year old Romany (as well as Czech, Slovák and other nationality) elementary school pupils to the Czech Republic was investigated on the basis of an expression of agreement or disagreement from the respondents (the option of „don ’t know“ was also added) to three statements: (1) „Ilike Czech film and theatre“; (2) „I would like to learn about the cultures of ethnic groups living in the Czech Republic (3) „It is good to be a Citizen of the Czech Republic “.
Based on an analysis of their replies it is possible to statě: (1) The group of Romany children who professed their Romany roots, consequently a group comingfrom a family background hardest hit by the transformation of society, exhibited in their opinions and
attitudes a relatively high level ofpositive agreement with the first statement. (2) From 40 the standpoint of cultural self-isolation in the sample group, Romany children came out as the most dosed with the greatest proportion that doesn 7 want to learn about the
culture of ethnic groups living in the Czech Republic. It is obviously important to
emphasise that representatives of the majority (pupils from Czech families) were not much more forthcoming, with more than 40 % expressing no interest in learning about the cultures of other ethnic groups with whom they live in the Czech Republic. (3) The group of pupils with Romany roots, which professed a pride in being a Citiz and en of the Czech Republic, was for the most part composed ofthose who had declared their parents to be of Czech nationality, and therefore seemed to identijy nationality with citizenship. From the information gained can be derived the necessity of forming a relationship between all groups and the statě of which they are a part, whether they arrived recently or are indigenous. An atmosphere of openness and approachability between the individual cultural models is very important in this. All minorities should maintain their identity and roots. Generally a shared respectfor the values of the statě results in a unified country and
creates a positive relationship to the country in which, regardless oforigin, they all live.