It is shown that a ring $R$ is a $GM$-ring if and only if there exists a complete orthogonal set $\lbrace e_1,\cdots ,e_n\rbrace $ of idempotents such that all $e_iRe_i$ are $GM$-rings. We also investigate $GM$-rings for Morita contexts, module extensions and power series rings.
We investigated photoacclimation of Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) in irradiance (I) regimes simulating mixed layer conditions of turbid estuarine waters or lakes. D. tertiolecta was exposed to a range of fixed I regimes to establish baseline physiology-I relationships that were compared with subsequent photoacclimation to a simulated mixed layer. Measured indices of photoacclimation included cellular pigmentation, chlorophyll variable fluorescence, and effective photosystem 2 antenna size. While D. tertiolecta grown under fluctuating I maintained division rates comparable to cells grown at high I, the cells exhibited characteristics of photoacclimation consistent with cells grown under a stable regimes at irradiances considerably lower than the average I of the simulated mixed layer. and H. Havelková-Doušová, O. Prášil, M. J. Behrenfeld.
The ecophysiological traits of acacia and eucalypt are important in assessing their suitability for afforestation. We measured the
gas-exchange rate, the leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and the leaf nitrogen content of two acacia and four eucalypt species. Relative to the eucalypts, the acacias had lower leaf net photosynthetic rate
(PN), lower photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), higher water-use efficiency (WUE), higher LMA and higher leaf nitrogen per unit area (N area). No clear differences were observed within or between genera in the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) or the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), although these parameters tended to be higher in eucalypts. PNUE and LMA were negatively correlated. We conclude that acacias with higher LMA do not allocate nitrogen efficiently to photosynthetic system, explaining why their PN and PNUE were lower than in eucalypts., E. Novriyanti ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
It is proved that for a zero-dimensional space $X$, the function space $C_p(X,2)$ has a Vietoris continuous selection for its hyperspace of at most 2-point sets if and only if $X$ is separable. This provides the complete affirmative solution to a question posed by Tamariz-Mascarúa. It is also obtained that for a strongly zero-dimensional metrizable space $E$, the function space $C_p(X,E)$ is weakly orderable if and only if its hyperspace of at most 2-point sets has a Vietoris continuous selection. This provides a partial positive answer to a question posed by van Mill and Wattel.