We studied how tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (Lefad7) overexpression enhanced low-temperature (LT) tolerance in transgenic tomato plants. In these plants, the content of linolenic acid (18:3) markedly increased and, correspondingly, the content of linoleic acid (18:2) decreased. Similar changes were found after 6 h under LT (4°C) treatment. Under LT stress, wild type (WT) tomato plants showed a much greater increase in relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents compared with transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and a lower content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transgenic plants maintained a relatively higher level of the net photosynthetic rate (PN) and chlorophyll (Chl) content than WT plants under LT stress. Taken together, we suggested that overexpression of Lefad7 enhanced LT tolerance by changing the composition of membrane lipids in tomato plants, with the increased content of trienoic fatty acids and reduced content of dienoic fatty acids that led to series of physiological alterations., X. Y. Liu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek podává přehled o vývoji a aplikacích pevnolátkových laserů na Fakultě jaderné a fyzikálně inženýrské ČVUT. První rubínový laser na světě byl spuštěn do provozu v květnu 1960 a na FTJF (FJFI) v roce 1964. Postupně byly navrženy a zkonstruovány lasery s aktivními materiály Nd:sklo, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP a další. Vyvinuté lasery byly použity v průmyslových aplikacích, v laserových družicových radarech v měření znečištění ovzduší a v mnoha oborech medicíny. Dosažené výsledky jsou celosvětově uznávány., This article presents a survey of development and applications the solid state lasers at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU). The first ruby laser in the world was put into operation in May 1960 and at FJFI in 1964. Stepwise, lasers with active materials such as Nd:glass, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP and others were designed and constructed. Developed lasers were used in industrial applications, in laser satellite radars, in measuring pollution of the air and in many domains of medicine. Achieved results are worldwidely recognized., Antonín Novotný, Helena Jelínková, Václav Kubeček, Miroslav Čech, Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej., and Obsahuje bibliografii