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2. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury through TLR4-NLRP3 pathway

Creator:
Xia, Yuxuan, Zhang, Wenya, He, Kaichuan, Bai, Lu, Miao, Yuxin, Liu, Biyu, Zhang, Xiangjian, Jin, Sheng, and Wu, Yuming
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sepsis, myocardial dysfunction, hydrogen sulfide, toll-like receptor 4, and nod-like receptor protein 3
Language:
English
Description:
To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on myocardial injury in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce cardiac dysfunction without or with the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (50 µmol/kg, i.p.) administration 3 h after LPS injection. Six hours after the LPS injection, echocardiography, cardiac hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, myocardial damage and inflammatory biomarkers and Western blot results were analyzed. In mice, the administration of LPS decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 30 % along with lowered H2S levels (35 % reduction). It was observed that cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were all increased (by 0.22-fold, 2000-fold and 0.66-fold respectively). HE staining revealed structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in the myocardial tissue after LPS administration. Moreover, after 6 h of LPS treatment, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expressions were up-regulated 2.7-fold and 1.6-fold respectively. When compared to the septic mice, NaHS enhanced ventricular function (by 0.19-fold), decreased cTnI, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels (by 11 %, 33 %, and 16 % respectively) and downregulated TLR4 and NLRP3 expressions (by 64 % and 31 % respectively). Furthermore, NaHS did not further improve cardiac function and inflammation in TLR4-/- mice or mice in which NLRP3 activation was inhibited by MCC950, after LPS injection. In conclusion, these findings imply that decreased endogenous H2S promotes the progression of SIMD, whereas exogenous H2S alleviates SIMD by inhibiting inflammation via the TLR4-NLRP3 pathway suppression.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Metóda určenia režimu odberu vody z pôdy rastlinami pre potreby produkcie biomasy

Creator:
Havrila, Ján and Novák, Viliam
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
soil water regime, transpiration, biomass production, yield, mathematical modeling, vodný režim pôdy, transpirácia, produkcia biomasy, úroda, and matematické modelovanie
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The design and construction of amelioration systems (irrigation, drainage) should precede diagnosis of soil water regime (SWR), to estimate its need and design parameters. It means, it is needed to calculate cyclic course of so called soil water regime characteristics. As soil water regime characteristic can be used soil moisture of the soil root zone at some depth, soil water potential at certain depth, soil water content of the root zone, as they are affected by evapotranspiration and its components. Seasonal courses of soil water regime characteristics differ, therefore it is necessary to estimate statistical parameters of SWR characteristics during relatively long period of minimum twenty seasons. This paper presents method of plant transpiration regime assessment, based on seasonal canopy transpiration series, calculated retrospectively by mathematical model HYDRUS-ET. Novelty of this approach is using of the empirical relationship between the seasonal transpiration totals and biomass production (yield). Cumulative frequency distribution curve of seasonal transpiration was chosen as a basic characteristic. This approach allows to estimate cumulative frequency curves of yields and cumulative frequency of potential yields. The difference is cumulative frequency of yields optimized by irrigation system. This allows to transform expected yields increase to investment and operational price and to compare expenditure to profit. This approach is illustrated on loess soil with maize canopy during 31 seasons. and Predtým, ako sa vyprojektuje a vybuduje hydromelioračná stavba, je nevyhnutné diagnostikovať vodný režim pôdy (VRP), to znamená určiť vlastnosti cyklických chodov charakteristík VRP. Ako charakteristiky režimu vody v pôde môžu byť využité: vlhkosť koreňovej oblasti pôdy, vlhkostný potenciál vo vybraných hĺbkach pôdy, obsah vody v koreňovej oblasti pôdy, ktoré sú ovplyvnené evapotranspiráciou a jej zložkami - transpiráciou a výparom. Sezónne chody vybraných charakteristík VRP sa v jednotlivých rokoch výrazne líšia, preto je potrebné určiť štatistické vlastnosti charakteristík VRP za dostatočne dlhé obdobie, najmenej dvadsiatich rokov. Údaje pre analýzu boli získané matematickým modelovaním pohybu vody v pôde pomocou matematického modelu HYDRUS-ET. Ako základná charakteristika bola vybraná transpirácia porastu. Vlastnosti režimu odberu vody porastom určuje čiara prekročenia úhrnov transpirácie konkrétneho porastu za jeho vegetačné obdobie. Prínosom tejto práce je metóda kvantitatívneho hodnotenia vplyvu sezónnych úhrnov transpirácie na úrodu, prostredníctvom všeobecne akceptovanej empirickej závislosti medzi produkciou biomasy a úhrnom transpirácie za vegetačné obdobie. Prostredníctvom tejto závislosti boli určené čiary prekročenia úrod, potenciálnych úrod a rozdielov medzi nimi, čo reprezentuje možnosti zvýšenia produkcie biomasy hydromelioračným opatrením. Takto sa dali transformovať možné zmeny sezónnych úhrnov transpirácie na ekonomickú rovinu a porovnať ekonomický prínos zmeny VRP s nákladmi na jej uskutočnenie. Metodický postup je ilustrovaný analýzou VRP porastu kukurice počas 31 vegetačných období.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Monitoring of condition the railway system

Creator:
Żóltowski, Bogdan, Castañeda Heredia, Leonel F., and Betancur Giraldo, German R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
multidimensional monitoring of condition (MMC), singular value decomposition (SVD), and railway technical diagnosis
Language:
English
Description:
The multidimensional monitoring of symptoms applied to railway systems allow to detect and locate the sections of the track (straight and curved) that generate the decrement of the safety and comfort of the passengers. It also evaluates the technical state of the rail-vehicle interface. In addition it allows observing, evaluating, and controlling the reliability and availability of the system. The objective of the study is to propose an alternative to evaluate the condition of the technical state of railway systems from a dynamical point of view that guarantees the safety and comfort of the passengers. One looks for diminishing the operative costs of maintenance, improving the use of equipment for tasks of maintenance for the track, vehicle and auxiliary equipment, optimizing the time of the maintenance personal, the maintenance frequencies (corrective, preventive, etc.). It also aims to identify the variables related to maintenance actions that have a high influence on the technical state of the system. This paper presents the results obtained when applying a modeling of this type to a railway system, being centered mainly in the application of SVD theory to the technical diagnosis of systems. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Sirotčinec sv. Jana Křtitele a změny v péči o sirotky v 18. století

Creator:
Halířová, Martina
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
orphanage, care of orphans, 18th century, history of social care, sirotčinec, péče o sirotky, 18. století, and dějiny sociální péče
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper looks at the care of orphans and the new welfare institutions that emerged in the second half of the 18th century. It traces changes in social care provision and its gradual transfer to local municipal authorities, and the rationale behind institutional care and support for the poor. Specifically, it focuses on the St John the Baptist Orphanage in Prague, which had the patronage of Maria Theresa. In the 18th and 19th centuries orphanages were few and far between, chiefly because of the high costs involved. Mostly they were founded by larger municipalities, benevolent societies or individuals. The St John the Baptist Orphanage differed not only in its founders – the Freemasons – but in its teachers, who were initially members of the Masonic Lodge, and it provided a good education by the standards of the day. The paper considers how the orphanage selected its charges and how it looked after them.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public