We propose results about sign-constancy of Green's functions to impulsive nonlocal boundary value problems in a form of theorems about differential inequalities. One of the ideas of our approach is to construct Green's functions of boundary value problems for simple auxiliary differential equations with impulses. Careful analysis of these Green's functions allows us to get conclusions about the sign-constancy of Green's functions to given functional differential boundary value problems, using the technique of theorems about differential and integral inequalities and estimates of spectral radii of the corresponding compact operators in the space of essential bounded functions.
This paper focused on predicting the bank erosion through the Bank Assessment for Non-point source Consequences of sediment (BANCS) model on the Tŕstie water stream, located in the western Slovakia. In 2014, 18 experimental sections were established on the stream. These were assessed through the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and the Near Bank Stress (NBS) index. Based on the data we gathered, we constructed two erosion prediction curves. One was for BEHI categories low and moderate, and one for high, very high, and extreme BEHI. Erosion predicted through the model correlated strongly with the real annual bank erosion – for low and moderate BEHI, the R2 was 0.51, and for
high, very high and extreme BEHI, the R2 was 0.66. Our results confirmed that the bank erosion can be predicted with sufficient precision on said stream through the BANCS model.
In the existential sentences of Slavonic languages we can find some interesting deviations from the basic type of Indo-European sentences, ie. "Nominative + concordant Verb", for instance Genitive of negation; in some, especially South Slavonic languages there are examples of the main nominal part of positive existential sentence (ie. name of the existing entity) in Genitive or even (as in Slovenian povsod jo je) in Accusative. These deviations can be of interest for the study of the development of Indo-European syntax, as Miklosich and Potebnya already in the 19th century observed. Relevant in this aspect also is the opposition between autosemantic (existential or possessive) esse and (zero or non zero) copula. This phenomena are here studied from the standpoint of the general opposition between polymorphic and monomorphic structures of the syntactical system.
Effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and substrate water content on photosynthetic response to irradiance were examined to understand the constraints in photosynthesis caused by these stresses. Tomato plants were grown under high (4.5 mS cm'1) or low (2.3 mS cm'1) EC and high (95 %) or low (55 % of capillary capacity) soil water content. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) was changed (I) from low to high and then in reverse from high to low, and (2) starting from high to low and then reversing from low to high. In both cases, photosynthetic rates (PN) at most levels of PPF were higher during the 2nd cycle than during the first one. The extent of this hysteresis was larger for high EC-treated and/or water-stressed plants. In addition, /’N was inhibited under veiy high PPF (1800 pmol nr2 s'1) in high EC and/or water-stressed plants (stress-induced photosynthetic depression under high PPF). After gradual declining for about 40 min under high PPF, /'N started to recover. When recovered to some extent, it went down again, showing oscillation cycles. Oscillation was clearly observed for the treatment of high EC combined with high soil water content, but not for the control. Thus the abnormal photosynthetic responses to irradiance, such as hysteresis, photosynthetic depression under high PPF and oscillations may be induced or promoted by some constraints in substrate water availability, which cause abnormal stomatal response and inactivity of mesophyll photosynthesis.
Speeches of bishop Strossmayer published till 1868 mediated to his fellow-citizens some components of emerging national-integration and cultural paradigm. Central European context of which was based on liberal middle-class principles, symbolic of significant institutions, opposition to German prejudices about Slavs and on complex relation to actual criteria of largeness that people should reach to become equal with other cultural European nations. Principle of emergence of nation as expansion or integration follows from this criteria. If we read Strossmayer´s speeches in context of three Hobsbawn´s criteria of the 19th century national classification, it becomes obvious that Strossmayer built his model of possible South-Slavic cultural self-consciousness mostly upon different traditions of Croatian people, on whose domination, on the model of already constructed national identities (German or Italian for example), should be based some future cultural community.
We assessed IgG antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in 300 inpatients with schizophrenia (SG), 150 outpatients with anxiety and depressive disorders (PCG), and 150 healthy blood donors (HCG). Seropositivity rates were 60.7% for SG, 36.7% for PCG, and 45.3% for HCG (p<0.001). The seropositivity rate for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in SG was significantly higher that in PCG (X2=23.11, OR=2.66, p=0.001) and HCG (X2=9.52, OR=1.86, p=0.002). Among SG, 85% of those who reported close cat contact had IgG antibodies to T. gondii. Close cat contacts were reported by 59% of SG, 6% of PCG, and 9% of HCG (p<0.001). There was a nonsignificant positive association between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia for people with a contact with a cat (OR=2.221, p=0.127, CI95=0.796-6.192), and significant negative association between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia for people without contact with a cat (OR=0.532, p=0.009, CI95=0.332-0.854). Close cat contact (OR=2.679, p<0.001), 51-65-year age group (OR=1.703, p<0.001) and education [illiterate+primary (OR=6.146, p<0.001) and high school (OR=1.974, p=0.023)] were detected as independent risk factors in multivariate logistic regression. The effect of toxoplasmosis on risk of schizophrenia disappeared in the complex model analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the toxoplasmosis has no direct effect on the risk of schizophrenia in Turkey but is just an indication of previous contacts with a cat.