The study is based on the thesis that the members of Czech communities abroad who left their country before the period of the „National Awakening“ imbibed the national idea thanks to the „assistance to fellow countrymen“ in the interwar period. This was motivated by the effort to „save“ the communities of fellow countrymen from being assimilated into the majorite society of South-Eastern Europe. The following article aims to apply constructivist approach to nation into the study of the phenomenon of fellow countrymen. Ethnicity only comes to the foreground of the organizing criteria of these collective entities after the arrival of assistants. The first part of the study presents the organizing mechanism of sending the assistants on the example of the Bulgarian community Gorna Mitropolia. The other part represents an effort to conceptualize in a broader way the constructivist approach. The communication network of the state and the foreign out-migration therefore rested on the mission-evangelizing basis. The communities involved accepted, besides the already existing territorial and linguistic identification, also another aspect of the collective identity – the identification with the shared past. Only after the application of the „ethnic diction“ that stressed the common origin we can consider the Protestant groups abroad as ethnic communities of Czech fellow countrymen.
For any graph G, let V (G) and E(G) denote the vertex set and the edge set of G respectively. The Boolean function graph B(G, L(G), NINC) of G is a graph with vertex set V (G) ∪ E(G) and two vertices in B(G, L(G), NINC) are adjacent if and only if they correspond to two adjacent vertices of G, two adjacent edges of G or to a vertex and an edge not incident to it in G. For brevity, this graph is denoted by B1(G). In this paper, structural properties of B1(G) and its complement including traversability and eccentricity properties are studied. In addition, solutions for Boolean function graphs that are total graphs, quasi-total graphs and middle graphs are obtained.
This article addresses the question of how to be an activist in the dynamic postsocialist field of power by focusing on anti-corruption actors in two policy-mediating knowledge institutions with transnational ties in the Czech Republic. Drawing upon sixteen months of participant observation research and interviews, I argue that a new generation of civic activists has sought to carve a niche in the competitive field by crafting an authoritative professional image. They have accomplished this through the performance of new international codes of neoliberal professionalism to both a Czech and international/ western audience in order to gain social recognition. At the same time, however, they risk alienating (and being alienated from) their local counterparts and public if they appear too much the global de-nationalized professional. The discomfort with having to craft their sense of self between globalizing cultures of professionalism and local conditions is a core tension these actors experience in the context of broader changes in the building of civil society and democracy (in the international image), the postsocialist labor market, and the role of the intelligentsia. It demonstrates the limits to the accumulation of global cultural and symbolic capital.