Polarisation of human macrophages towards an M1 subtype triggered by an atypical Brazilian strain of Toxoplasma gondii results in a reduction in parasite burden

Title:

Polarisation of human macrophages towards an M1 subtype triggered by an atypical Brazilian strain of Toxoplasma gondii results in a reduction in parasite burden

Creator:

Guimarães Gois, Paula Suellen, Franco, Priscila Silva, Cota Teixeira, Samuel, Guirelli, Pâmela Mendonça, de Araújo, Thádia Evelyn, da Fonseca Batistão, Deivid William, de Oliveira, Fernanda Chaves, Santos Ferreira, Gabriela Lícia, de Oliveira Gomes, Angelica, Favoreto Jr., Silvio, Mineo, José Roberto, de Freitas Barbosa, Bellisa, and Vieira Ferro, Eloisa Amália

Identifier:

https://cdk.lib.cas.cz/client/handle/uuid:b4c08e84-9996-47d9-8d3e-a44a2d976aec
uuid:b4c08e84-9996-47d9-8d3e-a44a2d976aec
doi:10.14411/fp.2022.020

Subject:

clonal strains, macrophage polarisation, toxoplasmosis, and TgChBrUD2 strain

Type:

model:article and TEXT

Format:

počítač and online zdroj

Description:

Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1909, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, was considered a clonal population with three distinct genetic lineages (I, II and III); however, sequence analysis of different strains has revealed distinct atypical genotypes. Macrophages are essential for immunity against toxoplasmosis and differential cell regulation may affect the course of the disease. In this context, our study aims to investigate the infection by TgChBrUD2, a highly virulent atypical Brazilian strain of T. gondii, on the activation and polarisation of human macrophages. Human macrophage-like cells obtained from THP-1 cells were infected with TgChBrUD2, RH or ME49 strains of T. gondii to evaluate the impact of parasite infection on macrophage polarisation. Our results indicate that the TgChBrUD2 and ME49 strains of T. gondii induced a classic activation of human macrophages, which was confirmed by the high rate of spindle-shaped macrophages, low amount of urea and increase in the levels of nitrite, as well as the down-regulation of M2-markers. In contrast, RH strain promoted an alternative activation of macrophages. The polarisation of human macrophages towards an M1 subtype mediated by TgChBrUD2 and ME49 strains resulted in a low parasite burden, with high levels of IL-6 and MIF. Finally, the M2 subtype triggered by the RH strain culminated in a lower intracellular proliferation index. We concluded that the atypical (TgChBrUD2) and clonal (ME49) strains are able to elicit an M1 subtype, which results in parasitism control, partially explained by the high levels of IL-6 and MIF produced during the infection by these genotypes. In contrast, the clonal (RH) strain promoted a macrophage polarisation towards an M2 subtype, marked by a high parasite burden, with a weak modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, atypical strains can present different mechanisms of pathogenicity and transmissibility compared to clonal strains, as well as they can use distinct strategies to evade the host's immune response and ensure their survival.

Language:

English

Rights:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
policy:public

Coverage:

1-13

Source:

Folia parasitologica | 2022 Volume:69 | Number:1

Harvested from:

CDK

Metadata only:

false