To maintain an optimum cytoplasmic K+/Na+ ratio, cells employ three distinct strategies: 1) strict discrimination among alkali metal cations at the level of influx, 2) efficient efflux of toxic cations from cells, and 3) selective sequestration ofcations in organelles. Cation efflux and influx are mediated
in cells by systems with different substrate specificities and diverse mechanisms, e.g. ATPases, symporters, antiporters, and channels. Simple eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells proved to be an excellent model for studying the transport properties and physiological function of alkali-metal-cation transporters, and the existence of mutant strains lacking their own transport systems provided an efficient tool for a molecular study of alkali-metal-cation tr
ansporters from higher eukaryotes upon their expression in yeast cells.
Social wasps are often considered as nuisance pests in urban environments and are often controlled by using traps. The majority of commercially produced traps for catching wasps have yellow as the dominant colour around the trap entrance. However, the observations on the function of yellow as an attractant for wasps are controversial. The efficiency of yellow, compared with green striped (N = 15) and yellow and green striped beer traps (N = 15) was evaluated. According to the results, yellow does not have a specific role as an attractant for wasps of the genera Vespula Linnaeus and Dolichovespula (Rohwer). For wasps, it may be the bait that is the major lure and it might be sufficient on its own for both control and monitoring purposes.
Let H be a finite-dimensional bialgebra. In this paper, we prove that the category LR(H) of Yetter-Drinfeld-Long bimodules, introduced by F.Panaite, F.Van Oystaeyen (2008), is isomorphic to the Yetter-Drinfeld category H⊗H H⊗H YD over the tensor product bialgebra H H∗ as monoidal categories. Moreover if H is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra with bijective antipode, the isomorphism is braided. Finally, as an application of this category isomorphism, we give two results., Daowei Lu, Shuanhong Wang., and Seznam literatury
A selection of poetic texts (71,490 words) from the Old English Section of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts, syntactically and morphologically annotated.