For every module $M$ we have a natural monomorphism \[ \Psi :\coprod _{i\in I}\mathop {\mathrm Hom}\nolimits _R(M,A_i)\rightarrow \mathop {\mathrm Hom}\nolimits _R\biggl (M,\coprod _{i\in I}A_i\biggr) \] and we focus our attention on the case when $\Psi $ is also an epimorphism. Some other colimits are also considered.
Antiferomagnetické materiály mají velky potenciál pro konstrukci počítačových součastek nové generace. Nepřítomnost makroskopického magnetického momentu nicméně v těchto materiálech silně komplikuje studium jejich magnetických vlastností. V tomto článku popisujeme novou magnetooptickou metodu, která umožňuje zkoumat tenké kovové antiferomagnetické filmy pomocí femtosekundových laserových pulzů. Za vyvinutí této experimentální metody obdržel v roce 2017 V. Saidl cenu Česká hlava v kategorii Doctorandus - technické vědy., Antiferromagnetic materials have great potential for the development of a new generation of computer devices. However, the absence of net magnetic moment in these materials significantly complicates the investigation of their magnetic properties. In this article we present a new magneto-optical technique, which enables the study of thin films of antiferromagnetic metals by femtosecond laser pulses. In 2017 V. Saidl received the Czech head award, in the Doctorandus category, for the development of this experimental technique., Vít Saidl, Petr Němec, František Trojánek, Petr Malý., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
The remarkable progress in laser technology leads also to a development of techniques of time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The ultrafast laser spectroscopy in the visible spectral region can be now used for investigation of rapid processes with the time resolution of about 10 fs. This paper reviews the experimental background and typical techniques of ultrafast laser spectroscopy. The potentional of ultrafast spectrocopy is illustrated with the results obtained by authors in the field of ultrafast relaxation processes in semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures., Petr Malý, Petr Němec, František Trojánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii