The participation and representation of women in decision-making bodies is an important factor in evaluating the level of political culture and the quality of democracy in a country. In the Czech Republic, and in post-communist countries in general, the representation of women in decision-making is imbalanced when compared with the representation of men. This fact is indicative of patterns of governance and the attitudes and values of citizens and suggests a generally passive citizenship in post-communist countries. In reaction to this development, there have been a number of analyses on women in politics in recent years. In general these studies concentrate on the barriers facing women entering politics and actively involved in political life. In recent years there has been a tendency in the media to give space to women who have left politics and have them look back and evaluate their career and the nature of politics. In this respect the academic sphere is lagging behind. The authors of this article aim to fill in this gap. They examine the following question: why do women leave politics after having struggled so hard to get in? They focus on the experiences of women who, in most of the cases, spent more than a decade in politics. They look at the women’s retrospective evaluations of their political careers, at life-work balance in politics, and the women’s experience of departing from politics. The article concludes that the key factor behind entry into politics, and behind maintaining a political career, is the relationships within political parties. Stereotypes and strategies continue to influence the strategic choices of actors, who assimilate into the existing political culture and choose not to generate considerable pressure for change in gender relations in political life., Petra Rakušanová, Lenka Václavíková-Helšusová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Podpoříme rodiny s dětmi a zvýšíme daňové zvýhodnění rodičů! Oblíbené sliby politiků slýcáme před každými volbami. Přesto porodnost nestoupá a podíl nezaměstnaných matek do šesti let věku dítěte u nás zůstavá druhý nejvyšší v celé EU. Jak je to možné? a jak tato situace poškozuje naší ekonomiku? and Luděk Svoboda.
The paper discusses the uses of the concept of the political in both feminist political theory and mainstream postfoundational political theory, and its implications for feminist political theorizing today. In feminist theory, the concept primarily emerged as a counter -reaction to the disputed foundations of feminism, the subject of women. The political was identified with contingency and contingent foundations; however, no thorough exploration of the term was carried out within the field of feminist theorizing. The mainstream postfoundational political theory rests in identifying political difference, i.e. a difference between the ontic level of politics and its foundations on ontological level. I introduce Mouffe’s notion of agonism as an exemplary normative theory of political difference. Next to it I juxtapose Jacques Rancière’s approach which attempts to undermine the distinctions on which ontological political differences are based. His account of politics seems to point beyond ontologization of politics and, instead, focuses on the immanent plane of politics, in which the given, the visible can be merely recomposed. In conclusion I link his account to that of Linda Zerilli’s political judgment, and argue for a feminist political philosophy and theory without the need for a purified founding concept of the political., Ľubica Kobová., and Obsahuje bibliografii