The author describes religious practise of Rinzai Zen monastery in today´s Japan, its outer form and underlying principles. Japanese Buddhism is organized as a structure of head temples with its subtemples, where resident zen priests perform religious rituals for their parishioners. It is a zen monastery, where religious training of those wishing to become a zen priest takes place. A army-like strictness of Rinzai monastery has its own sense. By rigorous daily regime, minute formal principles, zen meditation and koan practise monk is learning to forget himself and behave according notion of no-self. For a zen monk this means years of self-denying and pain but should finally lead to a kesho (awakening). and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury
A Jewish poet Samaw´al ibn ´Adya´ lived in the middle of the sixth century in the oasis Tayma in Hijaz. From the Jewish poetry of this period survived very little, and so Samaw´al´s poetry offers a few glimpses of the Jewish tribal life. His poetry is basically similar to that of Arabs or Bedouins. On the one hand it chants the glory and pride of the poet´s tribe, i.e. traditional topic of the Bedouin poetry, but on the other hand introduces also religious themes such as creation and death of men, resurrection, the Day of Judgment etc., a foreign feature in the traditional desert poetry, which was fostered later by Arab urban poets. The article contains a translation of two of Samaw´al´s poems., Daniel Boušek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Soviet Central Asia served during the Stalinist era as one of the regions where politically unreliable persons where exiled by the communist regime. Some of them were people of extraordinary merits both scientific or artistic. Exile in harsh conditions of Central Asia steppes should have been detrimental to their further activities. But as the life stories of three different personalities show here (Klaudiya Antipina, Anna Pankratova and Igor Savitsky), even difficult and hostile environment does not stop truly creative and open mind to continue in the search for new discoveries and new accomplishments., Martina Varkočková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Harem was a part of all rich houses, but the Sultan´s Harem was always attracted the biggest attention. It was a residence, which was inhabited by family, mainly by women with small children, daughters and slave girls. The Ottoman Sultan´s Harem, where mostly several hundreds of girl slaves were situated, was ruled by the Sultan´s mother – valide sultan. Sultans were not in a personal contact with all girls. Only between ten and twenty women were in their immediate vicinity. They were represented by wives – kadin, felicities – ikbal, favourites – gözde and maidservants. The Sultan´s Harem was an institution, which had a strict protocol and the given function hierarchy., Kateřina Vytejčková., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury
Cults of saints have been present in India for centuries. They constitute a psecial, as well as, typically Indian form of religiosity in which the sanctified figure has often been equated with the idea of God. Beliefs and practices associated with the saints also largely form the folk and living religion in India, where the simplistic and modern division of Indian religious world into its Hindu and Muslim parts diversifies. The goal of this article is to provide an example of local cult of the Good Sultan (Cang Sultan), found in the Western parts of the Indian state of Maharashtra, to describe the forms of local religiosity of Western Indian pastoralists (dhangars) and suggest the possible historical contexts of the Good Sultan´s cult., Dušan Deák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article deals with Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126-1198), one of the greatest Islamic philosophers, and the concept of belief in his philosophy. The issue of faith – or more precisely the ways people turn to believe or have faith – constituted an important part of Ibn Rushd´s thought. This issue was also debated by other Islamic philosophers and theologians. Two terms are characteristic of these debates: tasdiq and tasawwur. Therefore, the article also presents a short overview of their use in Islamic logic, theology, and philosophy. and Ondřej Beránek.