The purpose of study was to analyze clinical and genetic polymorphism of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies among patients with neuromuscular diseases in Uzbekistan. 106 male patients with progressive pseudohypertrophic forms of muscular dystrophy were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed in the period from 2004 till 2014: 93 patients with Duchenne PMD aged from 3 years to 18 years and 13 patients with Becker PMD aged from 10 years to 25 years, who had been examined in the medico-genetic consulting department of the Republican Center “Mother and Child Screening” of Tashkent city. Comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological, biochemical and genetic study of patients as the integral part in the differential diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies allows creating the national database on D/B PMD to prevent the birth of children in families burdened by this disease., Umida Tulkinovna Omonova, and Literatura
Interventions of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are complex, varied and multidisciplinary. The goal of the treatment is to restore optimal breathing during the night and to relieve associated symptoms. Evidence suggests that the surgical intervention with removal of the tonsils and adenoids will lead to significant improvements in the most incomplicated cases, as recently reported from a meta-analysis. However, post-operative persistence of this syndrome in paediatric population is more frequent than expected, which supports the idea of the complexity of this syndrome. Adenotomy alone may not be sufficient in children with OSAS, because it does not address oropharyngeal obstruction secondary to tonsillar hyperplasia. Continuous positive airway pressure can effectively treat this syndrome in selected groups of children, improving both nocturnal and daytime symptoms, but poor adherence is a limiting factor. For this reason, CPAP is not recommended as first-line therapy for OSAS when adenotonsillectomy is an option. It is now being investigated the incorporation of nonsurgical approaches for milder forms and for residual OSAS after surgical intervention. Althought adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the most common for OSAS in children; obesity is emerging as an equally important etiological factor. Therefore an intensive weight reduction program and adequate sleep hygiene are also important lifestyle changes that may be very effective in mitigating the symptoms of this syndrome. Pharmacological therapy (leukotriene antagonists, topical nasal steroids) is usually use for mild forms of OSAS and in children with associated allergic diseases. Special orthodontic treatment and oropharyngeal exercises are a relatively new and promising alternative therapeutic modality used in selected groups of children with OSAS. and A. Šujanská, P. Ďurdík, J. Rabasco, O. Vitelli, N. Pietropaoli, M. P. Villa
Nedávné studie ukázaly, že prevalence familiární hypercholesterolemie (FH) je přibližně dvojnásobná oproti dřívějším předpokladům a onemocnění tak postihuje přibližně jednoho z 250 jedinců obecné populace. Jedná se tedy o nejčastější vrozené metabolické onemocnění vůbec. V důsledku geneticky podmíněné poruchy v metabolizmu LDL-cholesterolu dochází k jeho hromadění v cirkulaci a ve tkáních, což vede předčasnému rozvoji aterosklerózy. Neléčení jedinci mohou mít infarkt myokardu ve 3. nebo 4. dekádě života, až v jedné třetině případů s fatálním koncem. Onemocnění je celosvětově nedostatečně diagnostikováno a léčeno. V České republice běží již od roku 1998 projekt MedPed, který se soustředí na včasnou diagnostiku FH s cílem zahájit léčbu co nejdříve, a snížit tak u postižených jedinců riziko předčasné klinické manifestace ischemické choroby srdeční a předčasného úmrtí. Důležitým bodem projektu je kaskádovitý screening mezi příbuznými pacientů s FH. V celonárodní databázi evidujeme již více než 6 350 pacientů s FH, což představuje asi 16 % z očekávaného počtu pacientů v České republice. Takový záchyt nás řadí mezi nejúspěšnější země na světě, ale i s ohledem na příchod nových terapeutických možností zůstává detekce a včasné zahájení léčby nemocných s FH v centru naší pozornosti. Klíčová slova: familiární hypercholesterolemie – kardiovaskulární riziko – kaskádovitý screening – MedPed, Recent studies have revealed the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is approximately twice higher than previously estimated and, thus, the disease affects one in 250 persons from the general population. Therefore FH remains the most frequent inherited metabolic disorder. Due to the genetic defect LDL-cholesterol accumulates both in the plasma and tissues leading to premature and accelerated atherosclerosis. Untreated patients with FH might suffer from myocardial infarction in the third or fourth decade, one third of these events being fatal. The disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. In the Czech Republic the MedPed project focused on early diagnosis and initiation of proper treatment of FH aiming at lowering of the above mentioned risks was initiated in 1998. A crucial part of the project is so called cascade screening among the relatives of identified FH probands. There are 6,350 registered FH subjects in the nationwide registry, which represents 16% of the expected number of FH patients in the Czech Republic. This result of screening efforts ranks among the top countries in the world, however, also in spite of the recent expansion of FH treatment options early detection and initiation of treatment of FH remains in the centre of our attention. Key words: familial hypercholesterolemia – cardiovascular risk – cascade screening – MedPed, and Tomáš Freiberger, Michal Vrablík
Chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc je onemocnění s rozmanitými klinickými i radiologickými projevy. V současnosti se pacienti s chronickou obstrukční nemocí plicní dělí na jednotlivé skupiny - fenotypy Těm je dle dominantních projevů choroby podávána cílená léčba, která jim zlepšuje kvalitu života. V identifikaci jednotlivých fenotypů má svou zásadní roli i výpočetní tomografie. Nejrozšířenější skupinou jsou pacienti s plicním emfyzémem. Ten je dle nového doporučení Fleischnerovy asociace dělen do několika skupin. Identifikace i ostatních typických změn tohoto onemocnění je ve fe-notypizaci chronické obstrukční nemoci plicní zcela zásadní., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have varied clinical and radiological manifestations. Nowadays are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease divided into specific groups - phenotypes. The treatment is specific according to these phenotypes. High resolution computed tomography is necessary in identification of each phenotype. The most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have pulmonary emphysema which is newly divided to several groups. Also identification of other radiological signs is fundamental., Eva Kočová, Pavel Eliáš, and Literatura