This article deals with the work of a prominent personality from Egypt's cultural and literary community, Tawfiq al-Hakim, who was instrumental in establishing Egyptian drama. he was one of the fist defenders of folk literature and the Thousand and One Nights in Egyptian history, thus playing a crucial role in the incorporation of popular literature into modern pieces of writing. The essay covers al-Hakim's relationship with folk literature from his early childhood to his literary period as an author. Great emphasis in placed on an analysis and literary critique of his most famous play, the Shahrazad, which was inspired by a collection of folk storie. A collaborative novel that he wrote in conjunction with another influential Egyptian writer, Taha Husayn, is also mentioned., Katarína Kobzošová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article describes effort of Ottoman Empire to become a master of all Eastern Mediterranean in the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. (1520-1566). The main problem for Ottomans was existence of Knights of St.John of Jeruzalem, which had their base in the Island of Rhodes. In 1522 Suleiman raised the great siege of Rhodes, which was successful and Knights of St.John were defeated and had to abandoned Rhodes. Their next base became the Island of Malta. In 1565 Suleiman tried to occupate Malta, but siege was unsuccessful and Ottomans were totally defeated. Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571) were important turning-points in the war between Christendom and Islam in the Eastern Mediterranean in 16th century., Martin Konečný., and Obsahuje seznam literatury