At the beginning of the 13th century, when Mongol Empire expansion into Europe, the Italian city-states-Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, Milan, Siena and Lucca - come on the scene, next to the centralized Western European monarchies (France, England) and the Papal Curia. In Genoa and Venice, major naval republics, the chief source of wealth and power was transit trade between Western Europe and the East. Both Genoa and Venice had the political systems ideal for realizing large business operations. All the power in these republics belonged to mercantile patricians, who fell to the vast majority of income from overseas trade. In the last third of the 13th century Genoese merchants, side by side with the Franciscan and Dominican missionaries, began to expand further to the east. Genoese colonies, factories and leading trading posts were also supporting bases of religious missions. The list of these missions in the Franciscan Vicaria Tartariæ Aquilonaris is presented in the end of this paper., Vladimír Liščák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury a poznámky
At the beginning of the 13th century, when Mongol Empire expansion into Europe, the Italian city-states-Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, Milan, Siena and Lucca - come on the scene, next to the centralized Western European monarchies (France, England) and the Papal Curia. In Genoa and Venice, major naval republics, the chief source of wealth and power was transit trade between Western Europe and the East. Both Genoa and Venice had the political systems ideal for realizing large business operations. All the power in these republics belonged to mercantile patricians, who fell to the vast majority of income from overseas trade. In the last third of the 13th century Genoese merchants, side by side with the Franciscan and Dominican missionaries, began to expand further to the east. Genoese colonies, factories and leading trading posts were also supporting bases of religious missions. The list of these missions in the Franciscan Vicaria Tartariæ Aquilonaris is presented in the end of this paper., Vladimír Liščák., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury