Significant forms of Roman-Germanic confrontations, especially in narrative and archaeological sources, include military conflicts. One of the featuring, but in certain ways problematic, is the supposed military intervention of the Roman administration against Marobuduus in AD 6, known through the narrative by Velleius Paterculus. The relatively generously conceived military campaign with two distinctively outlying points of campaign advance (Carnuntum and Mogontiacum) was intended to conquer the core part of the tribal union with centre in Boiohaemum. However, there is no intention to be inclined towards any of the existing hypotheses about its realization or associable archaeological finds. On the basis of relevant data, theoretical models, and GIS there is an intention to model possible and hypothetically acceptable paths for the army advance through the barbarian territory, and to test the character of their quantitative and spatial aspects., Marek Vlach., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Eurasian otter is one of the most endangered mammals in Italy and its distribution is now restricted in two isolated portions in southern Italy. However, in recent times, this species has shown a tendency to expand its range, especially northwards. It is therefore important to identify suitable areas on the border of its expansion range where the species can establish and disperse, so that these areas can be targeted for conservation actions. To this aim, the distribution, quality and connectivity of habitats of seven river catchments located in the northern portion of the current otter range in Italy were assessed. Catchments included both rivers where the otter currently occurs and where it is likely to expand in the short-medium term. An expert-based Habitat Suitability (HS) model was developed and validated using otter presence-absence data based on standard field surveys. Fine scale riverbank land cover, extra-riparian coarse scale land cover, altitude, bank slope, and human disturbance were considered as the main factors in the HS model. These variables were available or newly created in the form of digital maps (layers) and the HS model was built by sequentially filtering these layers. Connectivity was assessed within and between river basins through landscape algorithms by taking into account variables that could influence otter dispersal.Tthe results indicated that the seven rivers considered are heterogeneous both in terms of habitat suitability and in terms of connectivity. Among these, one river in particular (the river Volturno), where otters are currently present, showed one of the largest extensions of suitable habitats and the best connectivity both within the river and between the river and the neighbouring catchments, suggesting that this river could play a strategic role in the survival and expansion of otters in the surrounding areas.
Several series of available environmental (land use/land cover, agriculture, soil, climate) variables are used in exploratory models to test their use for successful prediction of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa L.) abundance in spring. A Geographic Information System and stepwise multiple regression analysis are used to show and predict distribution of this population parameter in an agricultural region of southern France. High spring abundance was observed to be distributed mainly in the central and north-western part of the study area. Two partial models, land use/land cover and agriculture, and a complete model with land use and temperature variables are the most significant and more accurate than any others. The complete model is the best model (lowest Akaike Information Criterion and highest Akaike weight). The potential abundance obtained from this best model shows communes with high Kilometric Abundance Indices (KAI), mainly located in the northwestern part of the region. Partridge abundance was unevenly or irregularly distributed across the study area, which is typical of wildlife species inhabiting complex and changing landscapes limited by various sources of human pressure, such as agriculture, urbanization and game management. A game tool is provided using potential spring abundance to plan the harvest quotas two months before opening the hunting season.
Presented in this paper is the idea of GIS layers semantic recognition methodology. The aim was to evaluate a possibility of GIS layer recognition based on spatial analysis and performance tests which validate proposed methodology. The final interest was to develop a GIS layer classifier and evaluate its function for independent data set. In my approach to the classification of the GIS data layers I use methods based on the nearest neighbor and histogram of the distance matrix. The reasons for such a solution are in good complexity of the spatial data description and in implementation of these algorithms under statistics software. In the range of the experiment tests I developed methodology for classification and I verified that it is possible to recognize the spatial layer via spatial statistic. Then I developed the classifier based on the Kohonen's Self Organization Maps and evaluated it on a test set. All the executed tests under artificial spatial data and real GIS data show that the proposed methodology is fully relevant and forms a basis for successful use in practical applications. All executed classification models showed that the proposal methodology could directly recognize the GIS layer, as for layers with similar spatial characteristic they recognize only a class of layers. For complete recognition it is necessary to add other information about layers.