Two anti-peptide antisera (anti-A and anti-B) raised against Gryllus bimaculatus allatostatin A1 (Grb-AST A1) and B1 (Grb-AST B1), respectively, were applied in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique on complete series of sections from the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, corpora cardiaca (CC), and corpora allata (CA) of G. bimaculatus. Both antisera yielded intense staining of numerous cells and nerve fibres. Serial sections, alternately stained with anti-A and anti-B confirmed that the anti-B generally stained more cells and nerves. Extensive immunoreactivity in the retrocerebral complex suggests that the CC and CA may represent a storage and/or release site for both allatostatin types or allatostatin-like molecules produced in the brain., Günther Witek, Peter Verhaert, Matthias W. Lorenz, Klaus H. Hoffmann, and Lit
Acoustic emission (Ae) offers a great potential due to its ability of quantitative evaluation such as a source location and a source characterization. Determination of an arrival time is a fundamental problem, which influences precise localization of Ae events. Manual picks are time consuming and sometimes subjective, especially in the case of large volumes of digital data. Various techniques have been presented in the literature and are routinely used in practice such as a passing the threshold level, analysis of the LTA/STA (Long Term Average / Short Term Average) or high order statistics. The paper represents an approach based on Akaike information criterion. The comparison of this approach and the methods described above was carried out on a model situation, when acoustic emission events were generated by two artificial sources Ae. and Akustická emise (AE) nabízí obrovský potenciál díky své možnosti kvantitativního vyhodnocování jako je lokalizace a charakterizace emisních zdrojů. Určení příchozího času je elementární informace, která zásadně ovlivňuje přesnou lokalizaci emisních událostí. Manuální odečet je časově náročný a leckdy subjektivní, zvláště v případě velkých objemů měřených dat. Existují různé metody popsané v literatuře a běžně v praxi používané jako překmit předdefinované úrovně amplitudy, porovnání krátkodobých a dlouhodobých průměrů nebo techniky využívající statistiky vyšších řádů. Tento článek prezentuje přístup založený na Akaikeho informačním kritériu a zároveň jej porovnává s výše uvedenými metodami na modelové situaci, kdy jsou emisní události generovány pomocí dvou umělých zdrojů akustické emise.
The article provides a classification of the static spatial relations expressed by the prepositions v(e) and na (in most contexts translated as in and on) in contemporary Czech, based on the data of The Czech National Corpus and the internet. Both prepositions, used with a nominal phrase in the locative, may refer to several distinct relations between the determined and the determining spatial object (usually, but not necessarily, various types of localization). For each of the prepositions, these relations are classified with special attention to possible variation between the two (and some other) prepositions in describing the same situation. Such detailed analysis of prepositional meanings and variation seems useful e. g. in advanced learning of Czech as a foreign language. The description of the static spatial meanings of the prepositions is a proper basis for describing their other spatial (dynamic) as well as non-spatial (ab-stract) meanings.