In this study, the adsorption performance of montmorillonite (MMT) was evaluated by Basic Red-5 adsorption experiments considering the influencing factors (initial BR-5 concentration, dosage, time, pH, and temperature). The surface and structural properties were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, AFM, and BET techniques. The adsorption experiments were carried out by batch mode for the evaluation of isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. The results of equilibrium adsorption isotherm were interpreted using different isotherm models. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm models, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found as 163.93 mg/g. Adsorption data of the BR-5 onto MMT provide well by pseudo-second-order model (R2= 0.999). The Ho, So and Go values were calculated for the nature of the adsorption process. The analysis of the thermodynamic parameters showed spontaneous, exothermic, and viable adsorption of BR-5 under the investigated experimental conditions. A factorial design was applied to examine the effect of three factors initial concentration of dye (50 and 100 mg/L), time (60 and 120 min.) and dosage (0.05 and 1.00 mg/L) on the adsorption process. According to the results, with high efficient adsorption capacity and compatible surface properties are advantageous to be used for uptake of dyes.
Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring with identity of prime characteristic $p$ and $G$ is an arbitrary abelian $p$-group. In the present paper, a basic subgroup and a lower basic subgroup of the $p$-component $U_p(RG)$ and of the factor-group $U_p(RG)/G$ of the unit group $U(RG)$ in the modular group algebra $RG$ are established, in the case when $R$ is weakly perfect. Moreover, a lower basic subgroup and a basic subgroup of the normed $p$-component $S(RG)$ and of the quotient group $S(RG)/G_p$ are given when $R$ is perfect and $G$ is arbitrary whose $G/G_p$ is $p$-divisible. These results extend and generalize a result due to Nachev (1996) published in Houston J. Math., when the ring $R$ is perfect and $G$ is $p$-primary. Some other applications in this direction are also obtained for the direct factor problem and for a kind of an arbitrary basic subgroup.
Let S(RG) be a normed Sylow p-subgroup in a group ring RG of an abelian group G with p-component Gp and a p-basic subgroup B over a commutative unitary ring R with prime characteristic p. The first central result is that 1 + I(RG; Bp) + I(R(p i )G; G) is basic in S(RG) and B[1 + I(RG; Bp) + I(R(p i )G; G)] is p-basic in V (RG), and [1 + I(RG; Bp) + I(R(p i )G; G)]Gp/Gp is basic in S(RG)/Gp and [1 + I(RG; Bp) + I(R(p i )G; G)]G/G is p-basic in V (RG)/G, provided in both cases G/Gp is p-divisible and R is such that its maximal perfect subring R p i has no nilpotents whenever i is natural. The second major result is that B(1 + I(RG; Bp)) is p-basic in V (RG) and (1 + I(RG; Bp))G/G is p-basic in V (RG)/G, provided G/Gp is p-divisible and R is perfect. In particular, under these circumstances, S(RG) and S(RG)/Gp are both starred or algebraically compact groups. The last results offer a new perspective on the long-standing classical conjecture which says that S(RG)/Gp is totally projective. The present facts improve the results concerning this topic due to Nachev (Houston J. Math., 1996) and others obtained by us in (C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 1995) and (Czechoslovak Math. J., 2002).
Suppose ${F}$ is a perfect field of ${\mathop {\mathrm char}F=p\ne 0}$ and ${G}$ is an arbitrary abelian multiplicative group with a ${p}$-basic subgroup ${B}$ and ${p}$-component ${G_p}$. Let ${FG}$ be the group algebra with normed group of all units ${V(FG)}$ and its Sylow ${p}$-subgroup ${S(FG)}$, and let ${I_p(FG;B)}$ be the nilradical of the relative augmentation ideal ${I(FG;B)}$ of ${FG}$ with respect to ${B}$. The main results that motivate this article are that ${1+I_p(FG;B)}$ is basic in ${S(FG)}$, and ${B(1+I_p(FG;B))}$ is ${p}$-basic in ${V(FG)}$ provided ${G}$ is ${p}$-mixed. These achievements extend in some way a result of N. Nachev (1996) in Houston J. Math. when ${G}$ is $p$-primary. Thus the problem of obtaining a ($p$-)basic subgroup in ${FG}$ is completely resolved provided that the field $F$ is perfect. Moreover, it is shown that ${G_p(1+I_p(FG;B))/G_p}$ is basic in ${S(FG)/ G_p}$, and $G(1+I_p(FG; B))/G$ is basic in ${V(FG)/G}$ provided ${G}$ is ${p}$-mixed. As consequences, ${S(FG)}$ and ${S(FG)/G_p}$ are both starred or divisible groups. All of the listed assertions enlarge in a new aspect affirmations established by us in Czechoslovak Math. J. (2002), Math. Bohemica (2004) and Math. Slovaca (2005) as well.
A vocabulary resulting from the cooperation of the groups of REALITER network that collects the basic terminology mostly used in texts about Genomics. It contains equivalents in English, Peninsular and Latinamerican Spanish, French, Italian, Galician, Portuguese and Catalan.
Pavel Josef Šafařík ; vydal Jan Vilikovský, 1000 výt., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík, and Část. staročeský, anglický, německý a latinský text
Although it is well known that bats commonly forage in riparian areas, which provide water resources and insect concentrations, the role that the physical structure of riparian areas plays in influencing local bat communities is less certain. In 2000–2002, we used acoustic monitoring to determine bat species presence at 338 riparian sites in northwestern Georgia, USA. We used a 2-dimensional nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination to assess how separations among species were partially associated with riparian conditions. Our NMDS analysis found some degree of habitat partitioning among bat species occurring in northwestern Georgia and was dictated in part by riparian condition. Myotis grisescens and M. septentrionalis were associated with low-elevation lotic waterways, whereas M. lucifugus, Lasiurus borealis, and Eptesicus fuscus were associated with high-elevation lentic waterways with sparse canopy cover. However, riparian conditions had weak relations with NMDS axes, possibly resulting in coincidental associations in some cases. Regression tree analysis indicated that higher bat species richness was associated with apparently uncommon small, high-elevation waterways with sparse canopy cover as well as larger streams and rivers that had wetlands adjacent to them. Including high-elevation waterways with existing management recommendations for endangered M. grisescens foraging areas (large, low-elevation streams and rivers) will be the most effective conservation strategy to benefit the most bat species in northwestern Georgia and probably elsewhere in the southern Appalachians.