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45464. Zdeněk Mařatka a jeho podíl na založení České gastroenterologické společnosti a jejího časopisu. Gastroenterologická společnost v Čechách a na Slovensku

Creator:
Kment, Milan
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, biography, biografie, historické články, and TEXT
Subject:
Mařatka, Zdeněk , 1914-2010, společnosti lékařské--dějiny--organizace a řízení, gastroenterologie--dějiny, periodika jako téma--dějiny--trendy, and Gastroenterologia Bohema
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Zdeněk Mařatka (1914–2010) by vedoucí osobností české i slovenské gastroenterologie i přes nepřízeň tehdejšího komunistického režimu. Byl jedním ze zakladatelů gastroenterologie v Československu. Habilitoval se velmi časně po 2. světové válce v roce 1948 monografií Ulcerózní kolitis, kde shrnul své osobní zkušenosti i poznatky ze studijního pobytu v USA a dalších zemích. Mařatka stál u kolébky České gastroenterologické společnosti a své působení završil vysoce úspěšným 8. kongresem ASNEMGE, na němž působil jako vědecký sekretář a jako prezident 1. kongresu trávicí endoskopie. Tyto významné akce se konaly právě v optimistickém období Pražského jara v roce 1968. Vzhledem ke své bohaté publikační činnosti byl Mařatka nominován či volen do různých mezinárodních organizací a v letech 1976–1980 byl dokonce prezidentem Evropské endoskopické společnosti (ESGE). Stál u zrodu časopisu gastroenterologické společnosti, původně nazvaný Gastroenterologia Bohema a později Československá gastroenterologie a výživa. Názvy časopisu se měnily převážně po roce 1989, bohužel ke škodě vzhledem k jeho mezinárodnímu ohlasu a prezentaci na MEDLINE či PUBMED. Mařatka byl členem redakční rady, v letech 1969–1999 byl hlavním redaktorem. Velmi byly oceňovány jeho ,,špičky“, krátká, většinou jednovětá shrnutí zajímavého zahraničního článku, které uveřejňoval v každém čísle až do své smrti. Jako editor emeritus se trvale podílel svými radami i písemnými příspěvky., Zdeněk Mařatka (1914–2010) was a leading person in a Czech and Slovak gastroenterology in spite of the infavourable approach of the official communist policy to him.. He was one of the founders of gastroenterology in Czechoslovakia. He had been habilitated in 1948 for thesis Ulcerative colitis. Mařatka stood at the first steps of foundation of Czech Gastroenterology Society very soon after the WW2 and followed with the preparation as a secretary ge­neral of the 8th ASNEMGE Congress in Prague 1968 and as a president the 1st Congress of Endoscopy in the very optimistic atmosphere of ,,Prague Spring“. He was nominated or elected by several international gastroenterology organisations, during 1976–1980 had been President of ESGE. He started with editoring of Czech gastroenterology Association journal as a member of editorial board and had been its main editor between 1969–1999. His well appreciated novelty in the magazine was a short remarks in one or two sentences from the world scientific literature which appeared in every copy. As an editor emeritus he supported the quality of the journal by many advices and contributions including articles., and Milan Kment
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

45465. Zdeněk Mlynář and the search for socialist opposition: from an active politician to a dissident to editorial work in exile

Creator:
Catalano, Alessandro
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Prague spring, dissidents, and Zdeněk Mlynář
Language:
English
Description:
The presented essay was originally published as ''Il samizdat tra dialogo e monologo: Le attività editoriali di Zdeněk Mlynář e la scelta degli interlocutori'' in the Italian online journal eSamizdat: Rivista di culture dei paesi slavi (2010-11, pp. 261-80). This double issue is based on papers given at the conference ''Samizdat between Memory and Utopia: Independent Culture in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century,'' which was held at Padua University in late May and early June 2011, and is freely accessible on the periodical website (http://www.esamizdat.it/rivista/2010-2011/index.htm). For its publication in Soudobé dějiny, the author has considerably expanded his essay, particularly after doing research in the Mlynář Papers deposited in the National Archive, Prague. The author concentrates mainly on the research and publishing activities of the politician and political scientist Zdeněk Mlynář (1930-1997) while he was in exile, which he puts into a detailed chronology of his career as a public fi gure. He asks and seeks to answer the general question whether the milieu of samizdat and independent publishing, which developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s, did or did not leave deep traces also in the structures of the various political activities of those who criticised the state-sanctioned arts and sciences of ''normalisation'' Czechoslovakia. The author points out that Mlynář has today been largely ousted from Czech historical memory, even though he was amongst the leading opponents of the regime after its collapse, and tried to regain a place in Czechoslovak politics. The author recalls Mlynář’s becoming a member of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, his law studies in Moscow in the fi rst half of the 1950s, where he formed a lasting friendship with his fellow-student Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931), and last but not least Mlynář as an expert researching the prospects of the socialist political system in the 1960s. He then concentrates on Mlynář’s work during the Prague Spring of 1968, when he became a member of the reformist leadership of the CommunistParty on the side of Alexander Dubček (1921-1992). After the August intervention by the armies of fi ve Warsaw Pact states, Mlynář gradually became disillusioned with the possibilities of continuing reform, and he resigned from the Party leadership. In the early 1970s, he found employment in the Department of Entomology of the National Museum, Prague, and avoided political life completely. Nevertheless, he gradually started to take part in debates with other reformists expelled from the Party about the possibilities of infl uencing developments in Czechoslovakia with the help of left-wing parties in Western Europe. The author discusses Mlynář’s analyses of the situation at the time, the development of his views, and his integration into the nascent dissident movement, which appeared after the founding of Charter 77. A few months later, in June 1977 to be precise, Mlynář emigrated to Austria as a consequence of a smear campaign against the Chartists. The author focuses on Mlynář’s close work amongst Czech exiles, particularly with the increasingly diverse Listy group, which was established by Jiří Pelikán (1923-1999). The group in question was centred on the exile periodical of the same title, which was published in Rome and formed the core of Czechoslovak socialist opposition in exile. In addition, the author focuses on the efforts of Mlynář and his colleagues to win support among Western left-wing circles, particularly in relation to the Italian Communists and Socialists and later the West German Social Democrats. He also takes into account Mlynář’s political essays, which met with a considerable response amongst the public of Western Europe, and the clear shift in opinion from the initial model of a political system with Communist Party hegemony to political pluralism. In this context, the author then gives a comprehensive account of two large research and publishing projects coordinated by Mlynář. The fi rst project, from 1979 to 1982, was entitled ''Experiences of the Prague Spring of 1968''; its participants were almost exclusively Czech sociologists, historians, economists, jurists, and other specialists in exile. The project resulted in almost 30 mimeographed volumes in three language versions (mostly Italian, French, and English), which were distributed by several hundred carefully selected left-wing individuals and institutions in the West, and it culminated in a congress held in Paris. According to the author, this little known project represents one of the most profound and essentially never-published refl ections on the origins, development, and failure of the Prague Spring. The second project, entitled ''Crises in Soviet-type Systems,'' ran from 1982 to the late 1980s, and presented the perspectives of authors from a wider range of central European countries. It resulted in 16 works by Czech, Polish, Hungarian, and East German authors, published by the leading Czech exile publishing house, Index, as small paperback editions in English, French, and indeed German. The number of its subscribers grew to about 2,000. Part of the project was presenting papers at conferences and other international forums. Both of the projects in question, according to the author, demonstrate Mlynář and his colleagues’ persistent orientation to exclusive circles of the political Left in the West, whom, in their efforts to change things in Czechoslovakia, they preferred to the dissidents still in Czechoslovakia.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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