Diplostomoid digenean metacercariae have caused widescale mortalities of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), at aquaculture farms in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas, USA. Originally, based on a tentative diagnosis, the industry considered the primary harmful agent to be an introduced species from Europe, Bolbophorus confusus (Krause, 1914), frequently reported from the American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. Our group has now shown, using ITS 1-2 plus three more-conservative gene fragments, that two sympatric species of Bolbophorus exist in the American white pelican. One, B. damnificus Overstreet et Curran, 2002, infects the musculature of catfish, and the other, probably not B. confusus, does not infect catfish. However, at least four other pathogenic diplostomoids and a clinostomoid infect the catfish, and they use at least four different snail hosts, including the planorbids Planorbella trivolvis (Say) and Gyraulus parvus (Say), the physid Physella gyrina (Say) and a lymnaeid. Two metacercariae, B. damnificus and Bursacetabulus pelecanus Dronen, Tehrany et Wardle, 1999, infect the catfish and mature in the pelican; two others, Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) and Hysteromorpha cf. triloba (Rudolphi, 1819), mature in cormorants; one, Diplostomum sp., matures in seagulls and at least one, Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819), matures in herons, egrets and other wading birds. Consequently, management of catfish ponds relative to digenean infections requires considerable biological information on the fish, bird, and snail hosts as well as the parasites.
This edition presents the collected correspondence of eminent Czech geographer and traveller Jiří Daneš (1880-1928), which was sent to his mother Johanna, née Fastrova (1837-1908), as he undertook his fi rst transatlantic journey to the Eighth International Geographical Congress in Washington D. C. and then travelled across the United States in 1904. The correspondence is a curious testimony to a Czech scientist’s day-to-day life on his travels. Furthermore, the correspondence allows us to perceive the life of American society at the beginning of the 20th century through the eyes of a young patriotic intellectual and ambitious man of science. and Překlad resumé: Melvyn Clarke
Dracunculus globocephalus Mackin, 1927 (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) is redescribed from specimens collected from the mesentery of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina (L.), in Louisiana, USA. The use of scanning electron microscopy, applied for the first time in this species, made it possible to study details in the structure of the cephalic end and the arrangement of male caudal papillae that are difficult to observe under the light microscope. This species markedly differs from all other species of Dracunculus in having the spicules greatly unequal in size and shape, in the absence of a gubernaculum, and in the disposition of male caudal papillae. The validity of D. globocephalus is confirmed, but the above mentioned morphological differences are not sufficient for listing it in a separate genus. This is the first record of D. globocephalus in Louisiana.
Homelessness in the Czech Republic is a relatively new phenomenon. Because of ideological background before 1989, as a result of loss of employment, it could not show up. For that reason, it fully emerged in early 1990s. Under this condition, it has been also unresearched for long time. Moreover, most of the written papers have ignored key studies from abroad, especially from the USA. Therefore, this paper offers an overview of studying the homelessness in USA. It briefly describes historic and cultural movement from the pre-industrial poor to the urban centric homeless. Then, in light of distinguished periods of 20th century, it focuses on conditions of emergence and development American skid rows and particularities of their populations. Finally, the paper presents important studies of all these periods. Based on overview of American homelessness the paper articulates four propositions for a research in the Czech Republic. The research should focus on: (1) historic, socio-cultural and polical-economical context related to postsocialism and neoliberalism; (2) searching for less ideological conceptualizations of homelessness; (3) connecting poverty as the main factor of homelessness with other ones; (4) carrying out more ethnographic researches.
Two new nematode species of Philometra Costa, 1845, P. carolinensis sp. n. and P. cynoscionis sp. n., are described from the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) (Sciaenidae, Perciformes) in estuaries on the Atlantic coast of South Carolina, USA. Philometra carolinensis (males and gravid and subgravid females) parasitic in the host's ovary is most similar to P. lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935) in female morphology, but distinctly differs from it in possessing conspicuously short spicules (81-87 µm long) with heavily sclerotized distal parts, the gubernaculum bearing a reflected dorsal barb, and in the length ratio of the gubernaculum and spicules (1:1.23-1.42) in the male. Philometra cynoscionis (only gravid females) found subcutaneously in the host's tissue (lateral to the ascending process of the premaxilla and also posteromedial to the length of each maxilla) is characterized mainly by the presence of cephalic papillae arranged in two circles (8 large papillae in outer circle and 6 small papillae in inner circle), the absence of caudal projections, the body size (length of gravid female 20-33 mm) and the location in the host.
Two new philometrid nematodes, Philometra overstreeti sp. n. and Philometroides paralichthydis sp. n., are described from female specimens collected from the southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan et Gilbert (Paralichthyidae, Pleuronectiformes) in estuaries of South Carolina, USA. P. overstreeti is characterized by the presence of eight large, equal in size cephalic papillae, the absence of caudal projections, the body length of gravid females (14.10-27.06 mm) and the location in the host (among teeth). P. paralichthydis from the host's fins and the buccal cavity differs from its congeners mainly in possessing longitudinal cuticular ornamentations in addition to transverse ones or individual rounded bosses. It is the first species of Philometroides reported from flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes). A re-examination of type specimens of Margolisianum bulbosum Blaylock et Overstreet, 1999 showed that, in fact, nematodes belonging to two different species (now described to be new to science) and genera were confused in the original description of this taxon and in the diagnosis of Margolisianum. Since the male holotype of M. bulbosum cannot be identified to genus, Margolisianum bulbosum is a species inquirenda and a species incertae sedis. Consequently, Margolisianum becomes a genus inquirendus.
The paper maps the history of the term and ideas about heterosexuality in the United States of America since the second half of the 19th century until the 20th century. Katz focuses primarily on the construction of the concept and terminological apparatus of heterosexuality (and homosexuality) in the medical discourse, its entry into the social mind and historical changes in the subsequent periods., Jonathan Ned Katz., and Obsahuje bibliografii