The article describes effort of Ottoman Empire to become a master of all Eastern Mediterranean in the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. (1520-1566). The main problem for Ottomans was existence of Knights of St.John of Jeruzalem, which had their base in the Island of Rhodes. In 1522 Suleiman raised the great siege of Rhodes, which was successful and Knights of St.John were defeated and had to abandoned Rhodes. Their next base became the Island of Malta. In 1565 Suleiman tried to occupate Malta, but siege was unsuccessful and Ottomans were totally defeated. Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571) were important turning-points in the war between Christendom and Islam in the Eastern Mediterranean in 16th century., Martin Konečný., and Obsahuje seznam literatury