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4. Clinical and sociocultural characteristics of individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan

Creator:
Yеshimbetova, Saida and Chembaev, Bulat
Format:
electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
násilí--etnologie--prevence a kontrola--psychologie, schizofrenie--etiologie--etnologie--terapie, sociální prostředí, kulturní charakteristiky, etnické skupiny--psychologie, pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí--psychologie, psychotické poruchy--etiologie, statistika jako téma, kohortové studie, rizikové faktory, populační charakteristiky, dospělí, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and lidé středního věku
Language:
English
Description:
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Preliminary findings of Tashkent hospital based study of risk factors for different ischemic stroke subtypes

Creator:
Rasulova, Khurshidakhon Abduboriyevna
Format:
electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
cévní mozková příhoda--diagnóza--epidemiologie--etiologie--klasifikace--komplikace--prevence a kontrola, prospektivní studie, pozorovací studie jako téma--statistika a číselné údaje, rizikové faktory, hodnocení rizik--statistika a číselné údaje, věkové faktory, hypertenze--patologie, ateroskleróza, komplikace diabetu, dospělí, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, and lidé středního věku
Language:
English
Description:
Objective: To determine risk factors in different pathogenic subtypes of ischemic stroke in Tashkent hospital registry and to compare with the data of other stroke registers. Design: Prospective observational study. Participants: 300 adults aged 18 years or over who suffered first-ever acute ischemic stroke, of them, the data of 100 patients with atherothrombotic, lacunar and cardioembolic strokes were analyzed. Main outcome measures: Mathematically significant differences and not significant differences but interesting from other point of view. Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages. Differences were regarded as statistically significant when the P value was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: Of 100 patients with acute first-ever ischemic stroke at the median age of 62.63±4.68 (interquartile range 25-92) years, 57% were men and 43% were women. Depending on aetiology and stroke subtype, all the patients were divided into three groups: 42 patients with atherothrombotic stroke, 41 – with lacunar stroke, and 17 patients with cardioembolic stroke. Atherothrombotic stroke developed often in people over 60 years old, while lacunar stroke prevailed at the younger age. Stroke cases increased in people over 51 years old. Although men were more likely to suffer strokes than women, stroke incidence was equal in both sexes with increasing of age (over 60 years old), especially in atherothrombotic stroke, testifying to that women live longer. Combination of cerebral atherosclerosis and hypertension was the most significant risk factor for stroke. Atherosclerosis was the main aetiological factor for ischemic stroke, independently of its pathogenic heterogeneity. Diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for all stroke subtypes, which in most cases worsened the European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 course and outcome of stroke. Hypertension was the leader aetiological factor for lacunar stroke. In these patients, we Cardioembolic stroke developed mainly because of cardiac thrombosis and valve pathology, which were often associated with chronic diseases of other organs, worsening the course and outcome of stroke. Despite of high prevalence of myocardial infarction in men, women were more likely to develop cardioembolic stroke. Conclusions: This study found simultaneous influence of many risk factors (multifactorial disease) in the development of ischemic stroke. The more course and influence of the underlying disease and risk factor, the higher stroke risk and severity, especially in the absence or inadequate previous therapy of underlying disease before the stroke index. We have noted a high prevalence of under-diagnosis of vascular risk factors at levels of primary and secondary care. We recommend for improved public awareness of vascular risk factors and better diagnostic and treatment facilities aimed at addressing those factors at levels of primary and secondary healthcare. Larger population-based studies may provide additional data on stroke incidence and outcome among Uzbeks., Khurshidakhon Abduboriyevna Rasulova, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Results of medico-genetic study of patients with duchenne/becker progressive muscular dystrophies in Uzbekistan

Creator:
Omonova, Umida Tulkinovna
Format:
electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
Duchennova muskulární dystrofie--diagnóza--epidemiologie--genetika--prevence a kontrola, kohortové studie, genetické testování--statistika a číselné údaje, databáze faktografické, elektromyografie--statistika a číselné údaje, svalová síla, geny vázané na chromozom X, fenotyp, biologické markery, mladiství, dospělí, dítě, předškolní dítě, lidé, and mužské pohlaví
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of study was to analyze clinical and genetic polymorphism of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies among patients with neuromuscular diseases in Uzbekistan. 106 male patients with progressive pseudohypertrophic forms of muscular dystrophy were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed in the period from 2004 till 2014: 93 patients with Duchenne PMD aged from 3 years to 18 years and 13 patients with Becker PMD aged from 10 years to 25 years, who had been examined in the medico-genetic consulting department of the Republican Center “Mother and Child Screening” of Tashkent city. Comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological, biochemical and genetic study of patients as the integral part in the differential diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker progressive muscular dystrophies allows creating the national database on D/B PMD to prevent the birth of children in families burdened by this disease., Umida Tulkinovna Omonova, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public