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Start Over Coverage 367-372

1. Altitudinal changes in photosynthetic pathways of floristic elements in southern Sinai, Egypt

Creator:
Sayed, O. H. and Mohamed, M. K.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
C3, C4, and ecophysiology
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
High altitude profoundly influenced plant diversity and distribution on mountains of southern Sinai (Egypt). Plants exhibiting the C3-mode of photosynthesis were widely distributed along the altitudinal transect. Plants exhibiting the C4-mode were restricted below an altitude of about 1400 m above sea level. The transition from C3-dominated areas to C4-dominated areas occurred between 1200 and 1400 m a.s.l. and O. H. Sayed, M. K. Mohamed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Effect of tick salivary gland extract on the cytokine production by mouse epidermal cells

Creator:
Pechová, Jitka, Kopecký, Jan, and Salát, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Ixodes ricinus, salivary gland extract, Borrelia afzelii, mouse epidermal cells, and cytokines
Language:
English
Description:
Previous studies have demonstrated that both tick saliva and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antigens modulate the cytokine response of the host. In this paper, the effect of salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) ticks on cytokine production by primary cultures of mouse epidermal cells stimulated with Borrelia afzelii Canica, Nato, du Merle, Mazie, Baranton et Postic, 1993 spirochetes was analysed. Epidermal cells were derived from C3H/HeN mice, susceptible to Lyme disease, and BALB/c mice, which are resistant. In cultures from C3H/HeN mice, SGE down regulated production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and up regulated Th2 cytokine, interleukin 4 (IL-4). Cultures from BALB/c mice produced higher basal levels of monitored cytokines, but their production was affected by SGE a different way. While Th2 cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were down regulated, the effect on TNF-α and IL-4 was ambiguous. These results indicate that the effect of tick saliva on the epidermal cells of Lyme disease-susceptible C3H/HeN mice mirrors its effect on other cells of the immune system.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public